UNIT 4 Flashcards
(60 cards)
1
Q
- flukes
- parasitic flatworms
- internal parasites of molluscs & vertebrates
A
trematodes
2
Q
two types of trematodes:
A
- luminal
- tissue
3
Q
trematodes are found in:
A
- gastrointestinal tract & biliary tract
- blood vessels
- lungs
- bladder
4
Q
adult worm has the following parts:
A
- anterior / oral sucker
- posterior / ventral sucker
- muscular pharynx
5
Q
development stages of trematodes:
A
- egg
- miracidium (larvae)
- sporocyst (larvae)
- circarium (larvae)
- adult
6
Q
- sheep liver fluke
- causes fasciolosis
A
fasciola hepatica
7
Q
fasciola hepatica size
A
- L: 30 mm W: 13mm
8
Q
- it is pointed at the back, wider in the front
A
fasciola hepatica
9
Q
transmission of fasciola hepatica
A
eating raw sheep liver
10
Q
development of f. hepatica in snail tissue:
A
- sporocysts
- rediae
- cercariae
11
Q
infective stage of f. hepatica
A
metacercariae
12
Q
location of f. hepatica
A
duodenum, GI
13
Q
diagnosis of f. hepatica
A
eggs in feces
14
Q
prevention of f. hepatica
A
- not eating wild aquatic vegetables
- raw sheep
15
Q
- lung flukes
- intestinal parasite
- infects humans and pigs
A
fasciolopsis buski
16
Q
- causes fasciolopsiasis
A
fasciolopsis buski
17
Q
- large, dorsoventrally flattened (2-7.5 cm)
- branched ovaries
A
fasciolopsis buski
18
Q
- causes paragonimiasis (lung disease)
A
paragonimus westermani
19
Q
- yellow-brown, ovoid or elongate with a thick shell often asymmentrical with one end, operculum is clearly visible
A
paragonimus westermani
20
Q
- eggs are unembryonated when passed in feces
A
paragonimus westermani
21
Q
prevention of paragonimus westermani
A
proper disposal of human sewage
22
Q
schistosomiasis is otherwise known as?
A
bilharziasis
23
Q
- only fluke with separate sexes
A
schistosomiasis/schistosoma
24
Q
what do schistosoma cause?
A
intestinal
hepatosplenic
pulmonary
urogenital
cerebral
and other forms of schistosomiasis
25
5 species of schistosoma:
mansoni
haematobium
japonicum
intercalatum
mekongi
26
- lives in the veins of the intestine
mansoni
27
- male: 1-1.4 cm and body covered by coarse tubercles, has 6-9 testes
mansoni
28
- female: 1.5-2.0 cm and ovary present in anterior third, lays 100-300 eggs daily, and uterus is short containing few ova.
mansoni
29
- lives in the veins of the bladder of humans
haematobium
30
- peak prevalence 10-14 year age group
- genera bulinus (africanus and truncatus) and physopsis
haematobium
31
- male: 1-1.5 cm, body covered by fine tubercles, has 4-5 testes
haematobium
32
- female: 2-2.5 cm, ovary is present in posterior third, uterus is long containing many ova, lays 20-200 eggs daily
haematobium
33
- female lays 500-3500
japonicum
34
- eggs are ovoid, bearing only a minute lateral spine or a small knob postero-laterally
japonicum
35
- rarest and least pathogenic that matures in man
intercalatum
36
- daily egg output is 300
intercalatum
37
- eggs have terminal spine
intercalatum
38
infective stage of schistosoma
cercariae
39
transmission of schistosoma
- fecal, dermal, or urinal-dermal route
40
prevention of schistosoma species:
1. health education
2. snail control
41
- minute intestinal fluke
heterophyes
42
- causes heterophyiasis
heterophyes
43
heterophyes size
W: 1.4 mm and 0.5mm, L: 1-2mm
44
- covered with scale-like spikes
heterophyes
45
- has 2 suckers oral and ventral (acetabulum)
heterophyes
46
- can also affect birds, cats, dogs
heterophyes
47
transmission of heterophyes
eating raw fish
48
infective stage of heterophyes
metacercariae
49
diagnostic stage of heterophyes
embryonated eggs with fully-developed miracidium in feces
50
south asian liver fluke
opisthorcis viverrini
51
cat liver fluke
opisthorcis felineus
52
5-10 mm by 1-2 mm
viverrini
53
7-12mm by 2-3mm
felinues
54
- reside in biliary and pancreatic duct of mammalian host, attaches to the mucosa
opisthorcis
55
developmental stages of opisthorcis:
1. miracidia
2. sporocysts
3. rediae
4. cercariae
56
- can also affect aquatic birds
echinostoma ilocanum
57
other species of echinostoma:
hortense
macrorchis,
revolutum
perfoliatum
58
developmental stages of e. ilocanum:
1. porocysts
2. rediae
3. cercariae
59
- chinese / oriental liver fluke
- adult worms live in bile ducts
clonorchis sinensis
60
developmental stages of c. sinensis:
1. miracidia
2. porocysts
3. rediae
4. cercariae
