Unit 2 Quiz notes Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Unit 2 Quiz notes Deck (65)
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1
Q

amino acid structure

A

amine bonded to a c bonded to a carboxyl group

2
Q

amino acid bond

A

peptide bond

occurs between the last carboxyl group and the first amine h

3
Q

amino acid primary structure

A

from the genetic code ala-gly etc.

4
Q

amino acid secondary structure

A

alpha helix and beta pleated sheet

5
Q

amino acid tertiary structure

A

helices and pleats combine

6
Q

amino acid quarternary

A

groups of peptide chains

7
Q

carbohydrates structure

A

can be pentose (5’ sticks out)
can be hexose (6’ sticks out)

is (ch2o)n bonded to cooh

8
Q

carbohydrates bond

A

glycosidic linkage

occurs between the oh and oh of one. forms an -o-

9
Q

carbohydrates bond types

A

alpha or beta linkage

10
Q

maltose alpha linkage

A

alpha linkage glucose + glucose

11
Q

cellulobiose

A

beta linkage glucose + glucose *indigestible

12
Q

sucrose

A

glucose and fructose alpha linkage

13
Q

lactose

A

glucose and galactose beta linkage

14
Q

chyme

A

what food becomes in body

15
Q

body can only absorb

A

monosaccarides

16
Q

polysaccarides storage

A

plants as starch, humans as glycogen

plants make cellulose, insects make chitin

17
Q

fatty acid fats structure

A

carboxylic acid and carbon chain

18
Q

triglyceride fats structure

A

glycerol and 3 FA

19
Q

phospholipid

A

phosphate and glycerol and 2 FA

20
Q

cholesterol

A

fa that keeps membrane fluid

21
Q

fats bond

A

ester bond happens with the carboxyl of on and other OH

22
Q

nucleic acids structure

A

phosphate + pentose sugar + nitrogenous base

phosphate on 5’ and nictogenous base on 3’

23
Q

nucleic acids base

A

adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine

purines are double ringed and Always Glow
pyramiding are AT

24
Q

DNA structure

A

runs antiparallel

25
Q

nucleic acids bond

A

phosphodiester bond. happens at the 3’ of the pentose sugar and the OH of the phosphate bond

26
Q

phospholipid bilayer * see notes

A

made up of two fa

27
Q

integral protein

A

integrated into the bilayer. amino acids inside the bilayer are nonpolar

28
Q

peripheral protein

A

hangs out outside membrane. is charged

29
Q

simple diffusion

A

charged and small particles can go through but mostly its uncharged particles

  • does not require energy and goes from high to low
30
Q

diffusion of gases diagram, * see notes

A

oxygen moves slower than co2 in diffusion. body will get rid of co2 and take in o2 very slowly

31
Q

osmosis

A

movement of water from high to low

32
Q

osmoles

A

glucose 1 mol is one osmole since it does not dissociate

CaCL2 makes 3 osmoles since it dissociates 3 times

33
Q

osmotic pressure

A

force you have to push to stop osmosis

34
Q

isotonic

A

equivalent solute

35
Q

iso-osmotic

A

Solutions containing the same concentration of particles and thus exerting equal osmotic pressures are called iso-osmotic

36
Q

liver is the place where

A
  • building of plasma proteins

- deamination of amino acids (makes urea)

37
Q

enzymes

A

They are not permanently changed during a reaction
They do not cause the reaction to occur but rather speed up the process
They can be used repeatedly
They are highly specific and act on a specific substrate
They detect differences between compounds that are extremely similar
They decrease the amount of energy needed (activation energy) for a chemical reaction to take place

38
Q

factors that affect enzymes

A
Temperature (-ve parabola, high temp denatures)
Hydrogen ion(pH) (ideal pH denatures)
Substrate concentration (high substrate = high reaction rate)
39
Q

go over all notes

A

pages 1-5`

40
Q

iso-osmotic

A

has to do with pressure. solution outside the cell matches the tonicity of the solution inside the cell

41
Q

isotonic

A

has to do with solute

42
Q

active transport

A

used to create a gradient, done using atp

43
Q

atp pump

A

atp turns to adp + pi done by a pump

44
Q

sodium potassium pumps

A

pumps out 3N+ ions and 2K+ ions

45
Q

gradient

A

Na+ wants to go inside, k+ wants to go inside

- this can help hypertonic/hypotonic cells

46
Q

NOTE

A

where salt (ionic compound) goes, water follows

47
Q

SOL: hypotonic

A

K+ will leave cell, along with cl- where it makes a salt (active transport)
- h20 will then leave cell

48
Q

SOL: hypertonci

A

Na+ will move into the cell, CL- follows as does water

49
Q

electrochemical gradient

A

Idek?

50
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

AKA secondary active transport

  • this requires a protein and active transport
  • Na+ wants to move inside so you pair it with a molecule that wants to move inside too
51
Q

facilitated diffusion proteins

A

cotransporter: moves something in together

exchanger protein: moves somethings in opposite directions

52
Q

N and c terminus

A

amino acids are built from c terminus onward

53
Q

metabolism is

A

flow of energy

54
Q

inside cells

A

intracellular

55
Q

in between cells

A

interstitial

56
Q

review 5 properties of water

A

HAHA

57
Q

Crenation

A

cells loosing water

58
Q

amphipathic

A

both hydrophilic and phobic

59
Q

functional groups

A

go review cards

60
Q

strongest to weakest bonds

A

covalent, ionic and hydrogen

61
Q

structure of a carbohydrate?

A

carbonyl

62
Q

what is a 5 c sugar

A

DNA and RNA

63
Q

6 carbon sugar

A

dissacarides such as sucrose and maltose

64
Q

membrane proteins

A

integral proteins and peripheral proteins

65
Q

proteins that break bonds are called

A

___ase ex. sucrase