Unit 2 Quiz notes

Question 1

amino acid structure

Answer 1

amine bonded to a c bonded to a carboxyl group

Question 2

amino acid bond

Answer 2

peptide bond

occurs between the last carboxyl group and the first amine h

Question 3

amino acid primary structure

Answer 3

from the genetic code ala-gly etc.

Question 4

amino acid secondary structure

Answer 4

alpha helix and beta pleated sheet

Question 5

amino acid tertiary structure

Answer 5

helices and pleats combine

Question 6

amino acid quarternary

Answer 6

groups of peptide chains

Question 7

carbohydrates structure

Answer 7

can be pentose (5’ sticks out)
can be hexose (6’ sticks out)

is (ch2o)n bonded to cooh

Question 8

carbohydrates bond

Answer 8

glycosidic linkage

occurs between the oh and oh of one. forms an -o-

Question 9

carbohydrates bond types

Answer 9

alpha or beta linkage

Question 10

maltose alpha linkage

Answer 10

alpha linkage glucose + glucose

Question 11

cellulobiose

Answer 11

beta linkage glucose + glucose *indigestible

Question 12

sucrose

Answer 12

glucose and fructose alpha linkage

Question 13

lactose

Answer 13

glucose and galactose beta linkage

Question 14

chyme

Answer 14

what food becomes in body

Question 15

body can only absorb

Answer 15

monosaccarides

Question 16

polysaccarides storage

Answer 16

plants as starch, humans as glycogen

plants make cellulose, insects make chitin

Question 17

fatty acid fats structure

Answer 17

carboxylic acid and carbon chain

Question 18

triglyceride fats structure

Answer 18

glycerol and 3 FA

Question 19

phospholipid

Answer 19

phosphate and glycerol and 2 FA

Question 20

cholesterol

Answer 20

fa that keeps membrane fluid

Question 21

fats bond

Answer 21

ester bond happens with the carboxyl of on and other OH

Question 22

nucleic acids structure

Answer 22

phosphate + pentose sugar + nitrogenous base

phosphate on 5’ and nictogenous base on 3’

Question 23

nucleic acids base

Answer 23

adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine

purines are double ringed and Always Glow
pyramiding are AT

Question 24

DNA structure

Answer 24

runs antiparallel

Question 25

nucleic acids bond

Answer 25

phosphodiester bond. happens at the 3' of the pentose sugar and the OH of the phosphate bond

Question 26

phospholipid bilayer * see notes

Answer 26

made up of two fa

Question 27

integral protein

Answer 27

integrated into the bilayer. amino acids inside the bilayer are nonpolar

Question 28

peripheral protein

Answer 28

hangs out outside membrane. is charged

Question 29

simple diffusion

Answer 29

charged and small particles can go through but mostly its uncharged particles - does not require energy and goes from high to low

Question 30

diffusion of gases diagram, * see notes

Answer 30

oxygen moves slower than co2 in diffusion. body will get rid of co2 and take in o2 very slowly

Question 31

osmosis

Answer 31

movement of water from high to low

Question 32

osmoles

Answer 32

glucose 1 mol is one osmole since it does not dissociate CaCL2 makes 3 osmoles since it dissociates 3 times

Question 33

osmotic pressure

Answer 33

force you have to push to stop osmosis

Question 34

isotonic

Answer 34

equivalent solute

Question 35

iso-osmotic

Answer 35

Solutions containing the same concentration of particles and thus exerting equal osmotic pressures are called iso-osmotic

Question 36

liver is the place where

Answer 36

- building of plasma proteins | - deamination of amino acids (makes urea)

Question 37

enzymes

Answer 37

They are not permanently changed during a reaction They do not cause the reaction to occur but rather speed up the process They can be used repeatedly They are highly specific and act on a specific substrate They detect differences between compounds that are extremely similar They decrease the amount of energy needed (activation energy) for a chemical reaction to take place

Question 38

factors that affect enzymes

Answer 38

``` Temperature (-ve parabola, high temp denatures) Hydrogen ion(pH) (ideal pH denatures) Substrate concentration (high substrate = high reaction rate) ```

Question 39

go over all notes

Answer 39

pages 1-5`

Question 40

iso-osmotic

Answer 40

has to do with pressure. solution outside the cell matches the tonicity of the solution inside the cell

Question 41

isotonic

Answer 41

has to do with solute

Question 42

active transport

Answer 42

used to create a gradient, done using atp

Question 43

atp pump

Answer 43

atp turns to adp + pi done by a pump

Question 44

sodium potassium pumps

Answer 44

pumps out 3N+ ions and 2K+ ions

Question 45

gradient

Answer 45

Na+ wants to go inside, k+ wants to go inside | - this can help hypertonic/hypotonic cells

Question 46

NOTE

Answer 46

where salt (ionic compound) goes, water follows

Question 47

SOL: hypotonic

Answer 47

K+ will leave cell, along with cl- where it makes a salt (active transport) - h20 will then leave cell

Question 48

SOL: hypertonci

Answer 48

Na+ will move into the cell, CL- follows as does water

Question 49

electrochemical gradient

Answer 49

Idek?

Question 50

facilitated diffusion

Answer 50

AKA secondary active transport - this requires a protein and active transport - Na+ wants to move inside so you pair it with a molecule that wants to move inside too

Question 51

facilitated diffusion proteins

Answer 51

cotransporter: moves something in together | exchanger protein: moves somethings in opposite directions

Question 52

N and c terminus

Answer 52

amino acids are built from c terminus onward

Question 53

metabolism is

Answer 53

flow of energy

Question 54

inside cells

Answer 54

intracellular

Question 55

in between cells

Answer 55

interstitial

Question 56

review 5 properties of water

Answer 56

HAHA

Question 57

Crenation

Answer 57

cells loosing water

Question 58

amphipathic

Answer 58

both hydrophilic and phobic

Question 59

functional groups

Answer 59

go review cards

Question 60

strongest to weakest bonds

Answer 60

covalent, ionic and hydrogen

Question 61

structure of a carbohydrate?

Answer 61

carbonyl

Question 62

what is a 5 c sugar

Answer 62

DNA and RNA

Question 63

6 carbon sugar

Answer 63

dissacarides such as sucrose and maltose

Question 64

membrane proteins

Answer 64

integral proteins and peripheral proteins

Question 65

proteins that break bonds are called

Answer 65

___ase ex. sucrase