Unit 3 Quiz Notes

Question 1

Enzymes

Answer 1

Proteins that have certain shapes and are -vely charged in body and are catalysts
They work to reduce the activation energy to facilitate the reaction
Has a certain r group

Question 2

enzyme graph

Answer 2

energy on the y axis
reaction progress on the x

write out reactants on one side

products on other side

in-between should be a bump for the activation energy (should be lower for enzyme)

Question 3

induced fit

Answer 3

when the enzyme binds the substrate, the active site changes a little. this makes the catalysis faster

Question 4

enzyme process ** see lesson 9 photo

Answer 4

1) substrate binds to active site
2) enzyme will do induced fit
3) substrate will reach an intermediate stage (all bonds are formed)
4) product will release

Question 5

sodium potassium pump

Answer 5

sodium will bind inside, potassium will bind outside

ATPase will change structure and bind ATP
then the breakdown of ATP will release energy to allow the protein to do its job and pump out the Na and bring in the K

Question 6

hemoglobin ** see lesson 9 for picture

Answer 6

(heme=prosthetic group, globin= protein subunit)

has 4 subunits with an iron cofactor and a prosthetic group of heme

** if there was no iron, hemoglobin would be floppy

Question 7

cofactor

Answer 7

inorganic, has no carbon (can be a metal)

Question 8

conenzyme

Answer 8

is organic, it has nonpermanent binding. Basically moves stuff around for an enzyme to bind to the substrate.

Question 9

Prosthetic group

Answer 9

no amino acids in this, but it can be organic (heme)

Prosthetic groups are cofactors that bind tightly to proteins or enzymes.

Question 10

irreversible inhibition

Answer 10

a substance with high affinity for the enzyme will bind and stay bound which means that you cannot do any function with the enzyme

ex. Sarin drug binds to acetylcholine esterase which means you cannot breakdown acetylcholine and then a muscle that contracts will not be able to contract back

Question 11

reversible inhibition types

Answer 11

competitive and noncompetitive

Question 12

competitive inhibition

Answer 12

reversible

• when there is another molecule that doesn’t fit into the substrate but competes with the substrate to bind to the enzyme
• it has lower affinity but it will still fit

Question 13

noncompetitive inhibition

Answer 13

something that will bind to the allosteric site will change the shape of the active site which will effect how it binds
- Allosteric site binding can slow the enzyme or speed it up as well

Question 14

allosteric site

Answer 14

another site that is not the active site where another susbtance can bind to influence the shape of the active site