Unit 2: Sensory and Perception

Question 1

Sensation

Answer 1

Process when sensory receptors and nerves receive and represent stimuli energies

Question 2

Perception

Answer 2

Organizing sensory information

Question 3

Bottom-up Processing

Answer 3

Starts at sensory receptors and gives up to brain’s higher processing

Question 4

Top-down Processing

Answer 4

Builds perceptions from sensory input by using experiences and expectations

Question 5

Selective attention

Answer 5

Focusing on one stimulus

Question 6

Intentional Blindness

Answer 6

Can’t see visual objects when focused on something else

Question 7

Change Blindness

Answer 7

Don’t notice a change in the environment

Question 8

Transduction

Answer 8

Convert one form of energy into another

Question 9

Psychophysics

Answer 9

Studying relationship between physical things and our psychological reaction

Question 10

Absolute Threshold

Answer 10

Minimum amount of stimuli to detect it 50% of the time

Question 11

Signal detection theory

Answer 11

Prediction of when we can detect weak signals

Question 12

Subliminal

Answer 12

Below the absolute threshold

Question 13

Prime

Answer 13

Activation of the associations you might need later- priming the nerves

Question 14

Difference Threshold

Answer 14

Minimum change to notice a noticeable difference in stimuli

Question 15

Weber’s Law

Answer 15

Stimuli have to differ by a constant % to be ‘different’

Question 16

Sensory Adaptation

Answer 16

Adapting to the senses around you so you have diminished sensitivity to them

Question 17

Perceptual Set

Answer 17

Set of mental assumptions that affects what we perceive

Question 18

Extrasensory Perception (ESP)

Answer 18

Claim that perception can be separate from sensory input (telepathy, etc)

Question 19

Parapsychology

Answer 19

Study of the paranormal mind events

Question 20

Wavelength

Answer 20

Determines color - distance between start of each wave

Question 21

Hue

Answer 21

The ‘color’ of the wavelength

Question 22

Intensity

Answer 22

Perceived as brightness - wave’s amplitude

Question 23

Pupil

Answer 23

Opening of eye where light enters

Question 24

Iris

Answer 24

Muscle tissue around pupil that controls it’s size

Question 25

Lens

Answer 25

Behind the pupil - focuses light rays

Question 26

Retina

Answer 26

Tissue on inner surface of eye (has receptor rods and cones and neurons)

Question 27

Accommodation

Answer 27

When the lens changes it's shape to focus light rays

Question 28

Rods

Answer 28

Receptors that detect shades of grey (when cones don't respond)

Question 29

Cones

Answer 29

Near center of retina = color and details

Question 30

Optic Nerve

Answer 30

Nerve that connects eye and brain

Question 31

Blind Spot

Answer 31

Where optic nerve connects to eye - no receptor cells there

Question 32

Fovea

Answer 32

Where cones cluster - center focus of retina

Question 33

Feature Detectors

Answer 33

Cells in brain that respond to specific things of the stimuli (shape, angle, or movement)

Question 34

Parallel Processing

Answer 34

Processing many parts of a problem at the same time

Question 35

Yang-Helmholtz Trichromatic (three-color) theory

Answer 35

Retina has three different color receptors (red, blue, and green)

Question 36

Opponent-Process Theory

Answer 36

Opposite retinal processes allow seeing in color

Question 37

Gestalt

Answer 37

Organized whole

Question 38

Figure-Ground

Answer 38

What objects stand out from the background

Question 39

Grouping

Answer 39

Organize things into groups

Question 40

Depth Perception

Answer 40

3D Vision

Question 41

Visual Cliff

Answer 41

Test depth perception in infants and animals

Question 42

Binocular cues

Answer 42

Perceive depth - depends on both eyes

Question 43

Retinal Disparity

Answer 43

Different between the images each eye sees indications an object's distance

Question 44

Monocular Cues

Answer 44

Depth perception with just one eye

Question 45

Phi Phenomenon

Answer 45

Illusion of continuous movement when it is really stroboscopic

Question 46

Perceptual Constancy

Answer 46

Perception of object as unchanged when environment changes

Question 47

Color Constancy

Answer 47

Perceiving objects as having the same color even as wavelengths change

Question 48

Perceptual Adaptation

Answer 48

Adjust to an artificially altered field of vision

Question 49

Audition

Answer 49

Hearing

Question 50

Frequency

Answer 50

Number of wavelengths per unit of time

Question 51

Pitch

Answer 51

Highness or loudness

Question 52

Middle Ear

Answer 52

Contains hammer, anvil, and stirrup - concentrate vibrations

Question 53

Cochlea

Answer 53

In inner ear - fluid-filled tube - send waves trigger nerve impulses

Question 54

Inner Ear

Answer 54

Cochlea, semicircular canals and vestibular sacs

Question 55

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Answer 55

Damage to cochlea cells or auditory nerve cells

Question 56

Conduction hearing loss

Answer 56

Damaged mechanical system that gets waves to cochlea

Question 57

Cochlear implant

Answer 57

Converts sound into electrical signals and stimulates auditory nerve through the cochlea

Question 58

Place theory

Answer 58

Different sound waves trigger activity at different places at cochlea's basilar membrane

Question 59

Frequency theory

Answer 59

Rate of nerve impulses matches frequency of tune

Question 60

Gate-Control theory

Answer 60

Spinal cord can block or let through pain messages

Question 61

Kinesthesia

Answer 61

Sensing your body movement

Question 62

Vestibular sense

Answer 62

Monitors your head and body position and movement

Question 63

Sensory interaction

Answer 63

One sense can influence another

Question 64

Embodied Cognition

Answer 64

How bodily sensations can influence our judgements and preferences