Unit 1: Overview

Question 1

Empiricism

Answer 1

Come to know things through experience so science should follow suit.

Question 2

Structuralism

Answer 2

Used by Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Bradford Titchener which encouraged subjects to look inward to reveal the structure of their mind.

Question 3

Functionalist

Answer 3

William James developed how our minds and behaviors work and how they benefit the organism.

Question 4

Experimental Psychology

Answer 4

Using experiments to advance ideas pertaining to the study of the mind and behaviors.

Question 5

Behaviorists

Answer 5

Learn by observing and only studies behavior.

Question 6

Humanistic Psychology

Answer 6

Studies how the environment can alter our growth potential.

Question 7

Cognitive Neuroscience

Answer 7

Study of the link between brain activity and cognition

Question 8

Psychology

Answer 8

Science of the mind and behaviors.

Question 9

Nature-Nurture Issue

Answer 9

Whether what environment you are in influences you more than your genes.

Question 10

Natural Selection

Answer 10

The adaptations that contribute to survival will prevail and the organism evolves.

Question 11

Levels of analysis

Answer 11

Different lenses to look at different situations through to see different causes.

Question 12

Biopsychosocial approach

Answer 12

Uses all lenses to analyze a situation

Question 13

Behavioral psychology

Answer 13

Studying visible behaviors.

Question 14

Biological Psychology

Answer 14

How the anatomy of our unique nerves influences our behavior

Question 15

Cognitive Psychology

Answer 15

Study of everything that is happening in our minds - not anatomically

Question 16

Evolutionary Psychology

Answer 16

Using natural selection to guide the study of how the mind evolves

Question 17

Psychodynamic Psychology

Answer 17

Looking internally and seeing what unconscious drives do to our behavior

Question 18

Social-Cultural Psychology

Answer 18

The effect of different cultures and situations have on our thinking.

Question 19

Psychometrics

Answer 19

How to measure human abilities

Question 20

Basic research

Answer 20

Increase what the scientific community knows

Question 21

Developmental Psychology

Answer 21

Changes of the mind from before birth to death.

Question 22

Educational Psychology

Answer 22

How to improve teaching techniques with psychology

Question 23

Personality Psychology

Answer 23

Personal Psychology - what makes you different

Question 24

Social Psychology

Answer 24

How we view and affect each other

Question 25

Applied research

Answer 25

Solving practical problems

Question 26

Industrial-Organizational (I/O) Psychology

Answer 26

Practical psychology in the workplace

Question 27

Human factors psychology

Answer 27

Part of I/O that explains the relationships between machines and people

Question 28

Counseling Psychology

Answer 28

Counseling and therapy

Question 29

Clinical Psychology

Answer 29

People with disorders - more intense

Question 30

Psychiatry

Answer 30

Can prescribe drugs and treat disorders

Question 31

Positive psychology

Answer 31

Explains positive emotions - good lives

Question 32

Community Psychology

Answer 32

Social aspect of people's lives - study of

Question 33

Testing Effect

Answer 33

Self-testing to 'retrieve' material

Question 34

SQ3R

Answer 34

Survey, Question, Read, Retrieve, Review

Question 35

Hindsight Bias

Answer 35

Thinking the outcome was obvious after the event takes place

Question 36

Critical Thinking

Answer 36

Examines all the evidence that led to a conclusion before accepting or rejecting

Question 37

Theory

Answer 37

Something that explains a larger set of facts or principles

Question 38

Hypotheses

Answer 38

Testable prediction

Question 39

Operational Definitions

Answer 39

Statement that has a definition attached

Question 40

Replication

Answer 40

Repeat

Question 41

Case Study

Answer 41

Examine one individual or group in depth

Question 42

Naturalistic Observations

Answer 42

Watch and document behavior without manipulation

Question 43

Survey

Answer 43

Line of questioning to reveal self-reported attitudes or behaviors

Question 44

Sampling Bias

Answer 44

Doesn't properly represent the population

Question 45

Population

Answer 45

All the people in the group

Question 46

Random Sample

Answer 46

The selection is random

Question 47

Correlation

Answer 47

How two things change together so you can measure one variable by looking at the other

Question 48

Correlation Coefficient

Answer 48

Statistical Measure - r

Question 49

Scatterplots

Answer 49

Graphed dots

Question 50

Illusory correlation

Answer 50

You think a relationship exists but it doesn't

Question 51

Experiment

Answer 51

You manipulate the situation

Question 52

Experiment Group

Answer 52

They are exposed to the treatment

Question 53

Control Group

Answer 53

Does nothing - control

Question 54

Randomly Assign

Answer 54

Assigning participants to each group randomly

Question 55

Double-Blind Procedure

Answer 55

Everyone is ignorant of whether they are experimental or control (even researchers)

Question 56

Placebo Effect

Answer 56

Reactions caused by expectations

Question 57

Independent Variable

Answer 57

The factor that is manipulated

Question 58

Confounding Variable

Answer 58

Other factors that could effect the experiment

Question 59

Dependent Variable

Answer 59

Can change depending on the independent variable

Question 60

Validity

Answer 60

Valid experiment

Question 61

Descriptive Statistics

Answer 61

Numerical data that provides a vehicle for the descriptive characteristics of groups

Question 62

Histogram

Answer 62

Bar Graph

Question 63

Mode

Answer 63

Most often appearing scores in data

Question 64

Mean

Answer 64

Average

Question 65

Median

Answer 65

Middle of data

Question 66

Skewed Distribution

Answer 66

Distribution is lopsided - lack symmetry around average value

Question 67

Range

Answer 67

Difference between high and low

Question 68

Standard Deviation

Answer 68

How much variance there is around the mean

Question 69

Normal Curve

Answer 69

Bell curve that is typical

Question 70

Inferential Statistics

Answer 70

Apply sample data to larger population

Question 71

Statistical Significance

Answer 71

How likely a result was a fluke

Question 72

Culture

Answer 72

Shared ideas and behaviors that endure generation to generation

Question 73

Informed Consent

Answer 73

Participants know enough about the research to consent to participate

Question 74

Debrief

Answer 74

Explain experiment afterwards to participants