Unit 2 Study Guide

Question 1

How are carbohydrates used by organisms?

Answer 1

Short term energy

Structural Support

Question 2

How are nucleic acids used by organisms?

Answer 2

Store and pass on hereditary information

Question 3

How are lipids used buy organisms?

Answer 3

Long term energy storage

Insulation

Water proofing

Question 4

How are proteins used by organisms?

Answer 4

Structural support

Helping chemical reactions

Cell transport

Question 5

Examples of Carbohydrates

Answer 5

Starch

Cellulose

Glucose

Sucrose

Lactose

Question 6

Examples of lipids

Answer 6

Fat

Oil

Wax

Question 7

Examples of proteins

Answer 7

Enzymes

Hemoglobin

Insulin

Question 8

Examples of nucleic acids

Answer 8

DNA

RNA

ATP

Question 9

What biochemical process creates polymers from monomers?

Answer 9

Dehydration synthesis

Question 10

What biochemical process breaks down polymers into monomers?

Answer 10

Hydrolysis

Question 11

How are enzymes usually named?

Answer 11

After the substrate they act on

They often end in -ase

Question 12

How do enzymes help chemical reactions happen?

Answer 12

They lower the activation energy required to start the reactions

Make the reactions happen faster

Question 13

What is another name for Enzymes

Answer 13

Biological Catalysts

Question 14

What does it mean for an enzyme to become denatured?

Answer 14

It’s shape is changed so its active site no longer fits the substrate and it does not function

Question 15

What might cause denaturation?

Answer 15

Changes in pH

Temperature

Exposure to radiation

Question 16

List 4 macromolecules found in living things?

Answer 16

Carbohydrates

Lipid

Nucleic Acid

Protein

Question 17

Why is carbon the most important element in macromolecules

Answer 17

It can bond with up to 4 other atoms

More than any other common element

Question 18

The polymer for the monomer Monosaccharide

Answer 18

Carbohydrate

Question 19

The polymer for the monomer Nucleotide

Answer 19

Nucleic Acid

Question 20

The polymer for the monomer Fatty Acid / Glycerol

Answer 20

Lipid

Question 21

The polymer for the monomer Amino Acid

Answer 21

Protein

Question 22

The monomer for the polymer Nucleic Acid

Answer 22

Nucleotide

Question 23

The monomer for the polymer Protein

Answer 23

Amino Acid

Question 24

The monomer for the polymer Carbohydrate

Answer 24

Monosaccharide

Question 25

The monomer for the polymer **Lipid**

Answer 25

Fatty acid / glycerol

Question 26

Explain how the **capillary action** property of water helps support life

Answer 26

Water travels up plant vascular tissue from roots to leaves

Question 27

Explain how the **high heat capacity** property of water helps support life

Answer 27

Water in the oceans and atmosphere stabilizes climate because it can absorb a lot of the sun's heat

Question 28

Explain how the **universal solvent** property of water helps support life

Answer 28

Biochemical reactions occur when chemicals are dissolved in water

Question 29

What are the 6 special properties of water

Answer 29

- Cohesion - Adhesion - Capillary Action - High Surface Tension - High Heat Capacity - Universal Solvent

Question 30

Explain how the **high surface tension** property of water helps support life

Answer 30

Insects can walk on water

Question 31

What is the **Cohesion** property of water

Answer 31

Water molecules are attracted to each other

Question 32

What is the **Adhesion** property of water

Answer 32

Water molecules are attracted to other molecules

Question 33

What is the **Capillary Action** property of water

Answer 33

Water will travel up narrow tubes

Question 34

What is the **High Surface Tension** property of water

Answer 34

Molecules form a 'skin' at the waters surface

Question 35

What is the **High Heat Capacity** property of water

Answer 35

Water absorbs or releases a lot of energy before its temperature changes

Question 36

What is the **Universal Solvent** property of water

Answer 36

Water can dissolve many different chemicals (Solutes)

Question 37

In what sense is water a polar molecule?

Answer 37

It has a **partial negative charge** on the **oxygen side** And a **partial positive charge** on the **hydrogen side**

Question 38

Describe how a hydrogen bond works

Answer 38

The positively charged hydrogen end of a water molecule is attracted to the negatively charged oxygen end of another water molecule

Question 39

What is the different between ionic and covalent bonds

Answer 39

**Ionic** - ionic bonds involve the **transfer of electrons** from one atom to another. The 2 atoms are held together by their opposite charges **Covalent** - covalent bonds involve atoms **sharing electrons** so each may fill their outer electron shell

Question 40

What element is represented by the symbol **C**

Answer 40

Carbon

Question 41

What element is represented by the symbol **H**

Answer 41

Hydrogen

Question 42

What element is represented by the symbol **O**

Answer 42

Oxygen

Question 43

What element is represented by the symbol **N**

Answer 43

Nitrogen

Question 44

What element is represented by the symbol **P**

Answer 44

Phosphorous

Question 45

What element is represented by the symbol **S**

Answer 45

Sulfur

Question 46

Elements may contain a variable number of neutrons in their atoms What are these variations called?

Answer 46

Isotopes