Unit 2 Terms

Question 1

o Significant difference means

Answer 1

that the difference was not due to chance.

Question 2

o Correlation does not equal

Answer 2

making this mistake leads to a faulty conclusion.

Question 3

o Extreme scores affect

Answer 3

The mean

Question 4

o The magic number for p-value is

Answer 4

.05%

Question 5

Range is

Answer 5

simplest measure of variability

Question 6

o 65% of the Milgram study participants administered

Answer 6

the highest amount of electricity.

Question 7

o Inferential statistics can be used to show

Answer 7

causation and descriptive stats cannot.

Question 8

o A homogenous sample is

Answer 8

a sample where all of the subjects share similar characteristics. Usually implies a small standard deviation.

Question 9

Variable

Answer 9

Independent, Dependent, Extraneous, Confounding

Question 10

Longitudinal studies

Answer 10

Same subjects over an extended period of time

Question 11

Control Group

Answer 11

Group that isn’t being experimented

Question 12

Placebo

Answer 12

Fake Treatment

Question 13

Correlation Coefficient

Answer 13

positive correlation, negative correlation, range from -1 to 1 (zero means no correlation) correlation does not equal caustion

Question 14

Double Blind Study

Answer 14

Participants and conductor unaware

Question 15

Naturalistic Observation (Know positive and negative relations)

Answer 15

Observe naturally occuring events, no intervention with subjects

Question 16

Positively Skewed Distribution

Answer 16

Most scores pile up at the low end of the scale

Question 17

Standard Deviation

Answer 17

How the scores depart from the mean

Question 18

First Truth

Answer 18

Mean, Median, Mode all contribute to be in the middle of the normal distribution curve

Question 19

Second Truth

Answer 19

68% of scores fall within one standard deviation

Question 20

Third Truth

Answer 20

98% of scores fall with two of standard deviation

Question 21

Asch Experiment

Answer 21

Comformity (Demonstrating the degree at which people’s decisions are influenced by the majority of the group)

Question 22

Stanley Milgram Experiment

Answer 22

Obedience (measured the willingness of study participants to obey an authority figure)

Question 23

Empiricism

Answer 23

The view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation

Question 24

Operational Defintion

Answer 24

A statement of the procedures used to define research variables

Question 25

Case Study

Answer 25

An observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles

Question 26

Independent Variable

Answer 26

The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied

Question 27

Dependent Variable

Answer 27

The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable

Question 28

Confounding

Answer 28

A factor other than independent variable that might produce an effect in an experiment

Question 29

Survey

Answer 29

a technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group

Question 30

Cross-Sectional Studies

Answer 30

one type of study in which people of different ages are examined at the same time(s). This is usually done with cohorts, so that researchers can examine how people of different ages perform, behave, or respond to a particular function

Question 31

APA Ethical Guidelines

Answer 31

*Refer to paper*