Unit 6 Test Terms (Sensation & Perception) Flashcards
1
Q
Sensation
A
Receiving sensory input
2
Q
Psycho physics
A
Relationship between input and experience
3
Q
Stimulus
A
The input or information
4
Q
Intesity
A
Amount of Stimulus
5
Q
Threshold
A
Point of Detection (When you notice the stimulus)
6
Q
Absolute Threshold
A
The smallest amount of a stimulus you can detect at least 50% of the time
7
Q
Just Noticeable Differences (JND)
A
Change in Intensity. How much change before you notice?
8
Q
Weber’s Law
A
JND Theory Intesity of stimulus is related to the amount of change to the intesity As intesity increases, the JND increases as well
9
Q
Fechner’s Law
A
JND Theory Diminishing returns Constantly increasing intensity by the same amount increases the JND
10
Q
Subliminal Perception
A
Unconscious perception (Movie theater shows quick pic of popcorn, you’ll begin to want it later on)
11
Q
Sensory Adaption
A
More exposure=Less Sensitivity (The more time you spend in cold water, you’ll get used to it)
12
Q
Signal Detection Theory
A
Expansion of Absolute Threshold Conflict of Stimuli How do you separate one stimuli from another
13
Q
3 Factors of Signal Detection Theory
A
Type, Sensitivity, Cognitive
14
Q
Selective Attention
A
Only focus on certain stimuli
15
Q
Cocktail Party Effect
A
Your ability to focus on one conversation despite competing voices
16
Q
The Visual System
A
The Dominant Sense
17
Q
Light
A
Stimulus for Vision Visible electromagnetic waves
18
Q
Wavelength
A
Color, Distance between peaks
19
Q
Amplitude
A
Intensity, Height of waves
20
Q
Ultraviolet
A
Too short for human response
21
Q
Infrared
A
Too long for human response
22
Q
Cornea
A
Outer Covering
23
Q
Iris
A
Colored muscle around the pupil
24
Q
Pupil
A
The center of the eye Controls light
25
Lens
Focuses light on Retina
26
Retina
Converts light into images
27
Accommodation
How the lens adjusts
28
Nearsightedness
fattens closer objects
29
Farsightedness
Flattens distant objects
30
Visual Receptors
Cells sensitive to light
31
Cones
Color vision, Sharpness, Daylight, Inside the Fovea
32
Foeva
Center of the Retina, Sharpest Vision
33
Rods
Black & White Vision Peripheral Vision Low light Outside the Foeva
34
Optic Disk or Blindspot
Insensitive to light No rods or cones Optic nerve exits retina
35
Color Vision
Three primary colors (Trichromatic Color Theory: Red, Green, Blue)
36
The Best Mix- The Three Attributes of Color
Hue or Wavelength, Brightness, Saturation( How pure is the color, No white-Fully saturated)
37
How do we see colors?
Absorption and Reflection Black (Total Absorption) White (Total Reflection)
38
Color Blindness
Inability to perceive differences between colors
39
Three types of Color Blindness
Red-Green, Blue-Yellow, No Colors (Very Rare)
40
Taste
Gustatory System Taste Buds- Receptor Cells Primary Tastes (1-Bitter, 2-Sour. 3-Salty, 4-Sweet)
41
Umami
Savory
42
Smell
Olfactory, Cilia
43
Touch
Somatosensory System Cutaneous or Skin
44
What Perception is not
Sensation
45
Perception is
Sensory input plus interpretation and is fluid, not static
46
Feature Analysis
Assembling elements into a whole
47
Bottom-Up Processing
Raw Data into something you recognize
48
Top Down Processing
Go beyond the data Prior knowledge and expectations Making inferences
49
Gestalt Psychology
Unified or Whole Brain prefers to perceive whole or complete images It fits in with our experiences
50
Perceptual Constancy
Perception stays the same despite changing sensory input
51
Depth Perception
Determination of distance and three-dimensionality
52
Binocular Cues
Requires botha eyes Near SPACE Produces Depth
53
Retinal Disparity
Two retinas, two image Together they create 3D
54
Monocular Cues
Requires one eye Effective for judging distance Diminished Retinal Disparity
55
Motion Parallax
Color objects appear to be faster Slower objects farther away
56
Linear Perspective
Parallel lines converges The Closer the lines, the father the distance
57
Relative Size
Closer objects look bigger Further objects look smaller
58
Texture Gradient
Closer objects have more detail Less detail means farther away
59
Optical Illusion
Incorrect Perception, Conflict between perception and reality
60
Receiving sensory input
Sensation
61
Relationship between input and experience
Psycho physics
62
The input or information
Stimulus
63
Amount of Stimulus
Intesity
64
Point of Detection (When you notice the stimulus)
Threshold
65
The smallest amount of a stimulus you can detect at least 50% of the time
Absolute Threshold
66
Change in Intensity. How much change before you notice?
Just Noticeable Differences (JND)
67
JND Theory Intesity of stimulus is related to the amount of change to the intesity As intesity increases, the JND increases as well
Weber's Law
68
JND Theory Diminishing returns Constantly increasing intensity by the same amount increases the JND
Fechner's Law
69
Unconscious perception (Movie theater shows quick pic of popcorn, you'll begin to want it later on)
Subliminal Perception
70
More exposure=Less Sensitivity (The more time you spend in cold water, you'll get used to it)
Sensory Adaption
71
Expansion of Absolute Threshold Conflict of Stimuli How do you separate one stimuli from another
Signal Detection Theory
72
Type, Sensitivity, Cognitive
3 Factors of Signal Detection Theory
73
Only focus on certain stimuli
Selective Attention
74
Your ability to focus on one conversation despite competing voices
Cocktail Party Effect
75
The Dominant Sense
The Visual System
76
Stimulus for Vision Visible electromagnetic waves
Light
77
Color, Distance between peaks
Wavelength
78
Intensity, Height of waves
Amplitude
79
Too short for human response
Ultraviolet
80
Too long for human response
Infrared
81
Outer Covering
Cornea
82
Colored muscle around the pupil
Iris
83
The center of the eye Controls light
Pupil
84
Focuses light on Retina
Lens
85
Converts light into images
Retina
86
How the lens adjusts
Accommodation
87
fattens closer objects
Nearsightedness
88
Flattens distant objects
Farsightedness
89
Cells sensitive to light
Visual Receptors
90
Color vision, Sharpness, Daylight, Inside the Fovea
Cones
91
Center of the Retina, Sharpest Vision
Foeva
92
Black & White Vision Peripheral Vision Low light Outside the Foeva
Rods
93
Insensitive to light No rods or cones Optic nerve exits retina
Optic Disk or Blindspot
94
Three primary colors (Trichromatic Color Theory: Red, Green, Blue)
Color Vision
95
Hue or Wavelength, Brightness, Saturation( How pure is the color, No white-Fully saturated)
The Best Mix- The Three Attributes of Color
96
Absorption and Reflection Black (Total Absorption) White (Total Reflection)
How do we see colors?
97
Inability to perceive differences between colors
Color Blindness
98
Red-Green, Blue-Yellow, No Colors (Very Rare)
Three types of Color Blindness
99
Gustatory System Taste Buds- Receptor Cells Primary Tastes (1-Bitter, 2-Sour. 3-Salty, 4-Sweet)
Taste
100
Savory
Umami
101
Olfactory, Cilia
Smell
102
Somatosensory System Cutaneous or Skin
Touch
103
Sensation
What Perception is not
104
Sensory input plus interpretation and is fluid, not static
Perception is
105
Assembling elements into a whole
Feature Analysis
106
Raw Data into something you recognize
Bottom-Up Processing
107
Go beyond the data Prior knowledge and expectations Making inferences
Top Down Processing
108
Unified or Whole Brain prefers to perceive whole or complete images It fits in with our experiences
Gestalt Psychology
109
Perception stays the same despite changing sensory input
Perceptual Constancy
110
Determination of distance and three-dimensionality
Depth Perception
111
Requires both eyes Near SPACE Produces Depth
Binocular Cues
112
Two retinas, two image Together they create 3D
Retinal Disparity
113
Requires one eye Effective for judging distance Diminished Retinal Disparity
Monocular Cues
114
Color objects appear to be faster Slower objects farther away
Motion Parallax
115
Parallel lines converges The Closer the lines, the father the distance
Linear Perspective
116
Closer objects look bigger Further objects look smaller
Relative Size
117
Closer objects have more detail Less detail means farther away
Texture Gradient
118
Incorrect Perception, Conflict between perception and reality
Optical Illusion
119
Distal Stimulus
any physical object or event in the external world that reflects light
120
Proximal Stimulus
the light reflected off a physical object in the external world; this light excites the receptors on our eyes, creating an internal sensory response
121
Middle Ear
The chamber between the eardrum and cochea containing three tiny bones (hammer, anvil, and stirrup) that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochle's oval windows
122
Cochlea
A coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses
123
Reversible Figure
an ambiguous two-dimensional drawing that represents a three-dimensional object in such a way that it can be seen from two different perspectives. A reversible cube, for example
