Unit 2 Test

Question 1

Albany Plan of Union

Answer 1

plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin in 1754 that aimed to unite the 13 colonies for trade, military, and other purposes; the plan was turned down by the colonies and the Crown

Question 2

French and Indian War

Answer 2

This struggle between the British and the French in the colonies of North America was part of a worldwide war known as the Seven Years’ War. (1756-1763)

Question 3

Anglicization

Answer 3

the act of making something or someone English in either character or form.

Question 4

Treaty of Paris 1763

Answer 4

This treaty ended the Revolutionary War, recognized the independence of the American colonies, and granted the colonies the territory from the southern border of Canada to the northern border of Florida, and from the Atlantic coast to the Mississippi River

Question 5

Pontiac’s Rebellion

Answer 5

a 1763 conflict between Native Americans and the British over settlement of Indian lands in the Great Lakes area

Question 6

Sovereignty

Answer 6

supreme political power.

Question 7

First Great Awakening

Answer 7

Fervent religious revival movements in the 1720s through the 1740s that was spread throughout the colonies by ministers like New England Congregationalist Jonathan Edwards and Paul Whitehead

Question 8

Sugar Act

Answer 8

An act that raised tax revenue in the colonies for the crown. It also increased the duty on foreign sugar imported from the West Indies.

Question 9

Stamp Act

Answer 9

1765; law that taxed printed goods, including: playing cards, documents, newspapers, etc.

Question 10

Quarterings Act

Answer 10

Act forcing colonists to house and supply British forces in the colonies; created more resentment; seen as assault on liberties.

Question 11

Declaratory Act

Answer 11

an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain in 1766, during America’s colonial period, one of a series of resolutions passed attempting to regulate the behavior of the colonies.

Question 12

Townshend Acts

Answer 12

1767 parliamentary measures that taxed tea and other commodities, and established a Board of Customs Commissioners and colonial viceadmiratly courts.

Question 13

Intolerable Acts

Answer 13

series of laws passed in 1774 to punish Boston for the Tea Party

Question 14

Sons of Liberty

Answer 14

Organization formed by Samuel Adams, John Hancock, and other radicals in response to the Stamp Act

Question 15

“No taxation without representation”

Answer 15

A quote said by the colonists who were unfairly being taxed by the British with no representation in British Parliament

Question 16

Virtual representation

Answer 16

The idea that American colonies, although they had no actual representation in Parliament, were “Virtually” represented by all members of the Parliament

Question 17

Writs of Assistance

Answer 17

One of the colonies’ main complaint against Britain; the writs allowed unlimited search warrants without cause to look for evidence of smuggling

Question 18

Boston Massacre

Answer 18

The first bloodshed of the American Revolution (1770), as British guards at the Boston Customs House opened fire on a crowd killing five Americans

Question 19

Boston Tea Party

Answer 19

American colonists calling themselves the Sons of Liberty, disguised as Mohawk Native Americans, boarded three British ships and dumped British tea into the Boston harbor.

Question 20

Daughters of Liberty

Answer 20

a group of women who supported the cause of independence and worked to further the goals of the Sons of Liberty.

Question 21

Revolts in the Backcountry

Answer 21

Settlers in the eighteenth-century American backcountry sometimes resorted to violent protest to express their grievances

Question 22

Quebec Act of 1774

Answer 22

Allowed the French residents of Quebec to retain their traditional political and religious institutions, and extend the boundaries of the province southward to the Ohio River, Mistakenly perceived by the colonists to be part of Parliament’s response to the Boston Tea Party.

Question 23

Committees of Correspondence

Answer 23

The group was organized by Samuel Adams in retaliation for the Gaspeé incident to address American grievances, assert American rights, and form a network of rebellion

Question 24

The First Continental Congress

Answer 24

First meeting of representatives of the colonies, held in Philadelphia in 1774 to formulate actions against British policies

Question 25

Lexington & Concord

Answer 25

The first shots fired in the Revolutionary War near Boston were won by the colonists. This battle helped gain the support of the French

Question 26

Saratoga

Answer 26

A major defeat of British general John Burggoyne and more than 5,00 British troops at Saratoga, New York, on October 17, 1777

Question 27

Valley Forge

Answer 27

The site of the military camp of the colonial army during the winter of 1777-1778.

Question 28

Yorktown

Answer 28

A battle of the Revolutionary War.

Question 29

lord Dunmore’s Proclamation

Answer 29

Virginia's royal governor offered to free any slaves and indentured servants who would leave their patriot masters to join the British forces

Question 30

Second Continental Congress

Answer 30

a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that met beginning on May 10, 1775, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, soon after warfare in the American Revolutionary War had begun.

Question 31

Thomas Paine’s Common Sense

Answer 31

argued that the colonists should free themselves from British rule and establish an independent government based on Enlightenment ideals

Question 32

Declaration of Independence

Answer 32

a formal document in which the Continental Congress representing the American colonies detailed its reasons for breaking political bonds with Great Britain

Question 33

George Washington

Answer 33

"the father of his country" for his crucial role in fighting for, creating and leading the United States of America in its earliest days. Washington was a surveyor, farmer and soldier who rose to command the Colonial forces in the Revolutionary War.

Question 34

Continental Army

Answer 34

An army formed after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies.

Question 35

Iroquois & British

Answer 35

The Iroquois, known by the British as the "Five Nations," were a confederation of five (later six) distinct tribes who maintained a permanent peace and military alliance with each other.

Question 36

Women & the Revolution

Answer 36

making homespun cloth, working to produce goods and services to help the army, and even serving as spies.

Question 37

The Treaty of Paris 1783

Answer 37

Called for the land west of the Appalachian Mountains and east of the Mississippi River to be divided into separate states.

Question 38

“American Exceptionalism”

Answer 38

The idea that the American people and American culture is superior from others, and therefore America had a unique or special role in the world

Question 39

The Newburgh Conspiracy (army officers)

Answer 39

The Newburgh Conspiracy was a plan by Continental Army officers to challenge the authority of the Confederation Congress, arising from their frustration with Congress's long-standing inability to meet its financial obligations to the military.

Question 40

Shays’ Rebellion

Answer 40

a series of armed protests that occurred in Massachusetts between 1786 and 1787, led by a veteran of the Revolutionary War, Daniel Shays.

Question 41

Benjamin Franklin

Answer 41

Founding Father. Invented bifocals, the Franklin stove, the lightning rod, and the swivel chair. An early campaigner for American unity, he served as the first U.S. Ambassador to France (1776–1785). Signed both the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution.

Question 42

The Northwest Ordinance Act of 1787

Answer 42

Also known as the Ordinance of 1787, the Northwest Ordinance established a government for the Northwest Territory, outlined the process for admitting a new state to the Union, and guaranteed that newly created states would be equal to the original thirteen states.

Question 43

Frontier

Answer 43

A line that separated east and west (civilization and wilderness) Throughout history, it shifted further west.

Question 44

Gradual emancipation

Answer 44

approach to ending slavery that called for the phasing out of slavery over a period of time

Question 45

Abolition

Answer 45

the movement in opposition to slavery, often demanding immediate, uncompensated emancipation of all slaves.

Question 46

Abigail Adams → John Adams (“remember the ladies”)

Answer 46

When John was elected President of the United States, Abigail continued a formal pattern of entertaining. She held a large dinner each week, made frequent public appearances, and provided entertainment for the city of Philadelphia each Fourth of July. Wrote letter to her husband to remember the ladies

Question 47

The Proclamation Line of 1763

Answer 47

A proclamation from the British government which forbade British colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains, and which required any settlers already living west of the mountains to move back east.

Question 48

Loyalists vs. Patriots

Answer 48

Loyalists: colonists of the American revolutionary period who supported, and stayed loyal, to the British monarchy. Patriots: colonists who rebelled against British control during the American Revolution.

Question 49

John Locke

Answer 49

English philosopher who advocated the idea of a “social contract” in which government powers are derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government serves the people

Question 50

Republicanism

Answer 50

the ideology of governing the nation as a republic, where the head of state is not appointed through hereditary means, but usually through an election, A philosophy of limited government with elected representatives serving at the will of the people.

Question 51

Republican Motherhood

Answer 51

the idea that gave women more purpose to educate and nurture the future of america.

Question 52

Coverture

Answer 52

Property law in the 1700s stated that women were legally the property of their fathers until 21 or married, and then she's the property of their husband.

Question 53

Annapolis Convention

Answer 53

A convention held in September 1786 to consider problems of trade and navigation

Question 54

The Constitutional Convention of 1787

Answer 54

The meeting of state delegates in 1787 in Philadelphia called to revise the Articles of Confederation.

Question 55

Great Compromise

Answer 55

to settle a dispute in the drafting of the Constitution.

Question 56

Federalism

Answer 56

a way of organizing a nation so that two or more levels of government have formal authority over the same area and people

Question 57

Checks and Balances & Separation of Powers

Answer 57

A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power.

Question 58

Three-Fifths Compromise

Answer 58

It determined that three out of every five slaves was counted when determining a state's total population for legislative representation and taxation.

Question 59

The Federalist papers

Answer 59

a series of 85 essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay to promote the ratification of the United States Constitution.

Question 60

Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists

Answer 60

Federalists were those who favored the Constitution and wanted a strong central government. Anti Federalists wanted a weak central government and more power to the people and opposed the ratification of the Constitution.

Question 61

Bill of Rights

Answer 61

guarantees the protection of citizens' rights, freedom of speech, religion, press, and other rights.

Question 62

Alexander Hamilton’s economic plan

Answer 62

establish a national bank, create a federal mint, and impose excise taxes.

Question 63

Federalists and Democratic-Republicans

Answer 63

Federalists believed in a strong central government, a strong army, industry, and loose interpretation of the Constitution. Democratic-Republicans believed in a weak central government, state and individual rights, and strict interpretation of the Constitution.

Question 64

The First Bank of the US

Answer 64

a central bank proposed by Alexander Hamilton and established in 1791.

Question 65

10th Amendment

Answer 65

"powers not delegated to the U.S. by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people"

Question 66

Inflation

Answer 66

an increase in the supply of currency relative to the goods available, leading to a decline in the purchasing power of money

Question 67

Adam Smith & The Wealth of Nations

Answer 67

he believed that self-interest was an "invisible hand in the marketplace, automatically regulating the supply of and demand for goods and services." First to define the system of capitilism.

Question 68

Precedents set by the Washington administration

Answer 68

only serving for two terms, appointing a cabinet of advisors, and leading a military force against citizens to enforce law and neutrality in foreign affairs.

Question 69

Whiskey Rebellion

Answer 69

an uprising of Western Pennsylvania farmers that took place between 1791-1794 in response to Alexander Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey.

Question 70

The French Revolution

Answer 70

a social and political revolution in France that toppled the monarchy

Question 71

Jay’s Treaty

Answer 71

an important treaty between the United States and Great Britain that helped ease tension between the two nations.

Question 72

Pickney’s Treaty

Answer 72

Treaty between the U.S. and Spain which gave the U.S. the right to transport goods on the Mississippi river and to store goods in the Spanish port of New Orleans.

Question 73

John Adams’ Presidency

Answer 73

Adams signed the controversial Alien and Sedition Acts, and built up the Army and Navy in the undeclared naval war with France. He became the first president to reside in the White House.

Question 74

Washington’s Farewell Address

Answer 74

A document by George Washington in 1796, when he retired from office.

Question 75

XYZ Affair

Answer 75

a diplomatic incident between French and United States diplomats that resulted in a limited, undeclared war known as the Quasi-War.

Question 76

Quasi-War (Half-War)

Answer 76

an undeclared naval war between the United States and France.

Question 77

Alien and Sedition Acts

Answer 77

four laws passed by the Federalist-controlled Congress and signed by President John Adams intended to reduce foreign influence in the United States and public criticism of the government.

Question 78

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

Answer 78

stated that the Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional. They helped establish the practice of being able to declare acts of federal government as unconstitutional. They set the precedent that states could nullify unfair acts of the federal government.

Question 79

Election of 1800

Answer 79

against the 2 parties, Republican Jefferson and Federalists Adams

Question 80

Louisiana Purchase - Lewis & Clark Expedition

Answer 80

a scientific exploration of the Louisiana Purchase led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. The trip began in 1804 and ended in 1806. The expedition went from St. Louis to the Pacific Ocean and back.

Question 81

Marbury v. Madison

Answer 81

was a landmark court case that resulted in the United States Supreme Court establishing the principle of Judicial Review, giving the Court the power to review and strike down laws passed by Congress or the states if they are deemed unconstitutional.

Question 82

Embargo Act

Answer 82

a law passed by Congress forbidding all exportation of goods from the United States. Britain and France had been continuously harassing the U.S. and seizing U.S. ship's and men.

Question 83

Impressment

Answer 83

Arbitrary seizure of goods or individuals by a government or its agents for public services.

Question 84

War of 1812

Answer 84

a military conflict fought between the United States and Great Britain from 1812 to 1815. The war was sparked by a variety of issues, including British interference with American trade and the impressment of American sailors by the British Navy

Question 85

battle of New Orleans

Answer 85

a series of engagements fought between December 23, 1814 through January 8, 1815 and was the final major battle of the War of 1812.

Question 86

Hartford Convention

Answer 86

a meeting of New England Federalists held in Hartford Connecticut in the winter of 1814-15. These Federalist opposed the War of 1812 and held the convention to discuss and seek redress by Washington for their complaints and wrongs that the felt had been done.