Unit 4 Test Flashcards
American Anti-Slavery Society & Abolition Movement
Abolitionist society
American Colonization Society/movement
founded in 1817 for purpose of transporting blacks back to Africa, most blacks had no wish to do so because they were partially Americanized and by this time almost all slaves were native born African-Americans.
American Party (Know-Nothings)
a prominent United States political party during the late 1840s and the early 1850s. The American Party originated in 1849. Its members strongly opposed immigrants and followers of the Catholic Church.
Anaconda Plan
Plan for civil war proposed by general-in-chief Winfield Scott, which emphasized the blockade of Southernp ports and called for an advance down the Mississippi River the cut the South in two, the plan would suffocate the South.
Antebellum
the period of increasing sectionalism that led up to the American Civil War.
Appomattox & the surrender
where the surrender of the Confederate Army under Robert E. Lee To Ulysses S. Grant took place on April 9, 1865.
Battle of Antietam
the first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Northern soil. It was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with almost 23,000 casualties. After this “win” for the North, Lincoln announced the Emancipation Proclamation.
Battle of Bull Run/Manasas (First)
1st major battle of Civil War, and the Confederate’s victory. The battle is also known as the first Battle of Manassas. It shattered the North’s hopes of winning the war quickly., the first major land battle of the American Civil War
Battle of Gettysburg
A large battle in the American Civil War, took place in southern Pennsylvania from July 1 to July 3, 1863. The battle is named after the town on the battlefield. Union General George G. Meade led an army of about 90,000 men to victory against General Robert E. Lee’s Confederate army of about 75,000.
Battle of Shiloh
bloody Civil War battle on the Tennessee-Mississippi border that resulted in the deaths of more than 23,000 soldiers and ended in a marginal Union victory.
Black Codes
imposed harsh labor contracts on African American workers, limited their mobility, and denied them access to many public facilities. They were a precursor to the Jim Crow laws that would persist for decades, reinforcing racial segregation and inequality in the South.
Black soldiers in Union army
served in artillery and infantry and performed all noncombat support functions that sustain an army, as well.
“Bleeding Kansas”
A sequence of violent events involving abolitionists and pro-Slavery elements that took place in Kansas-Nebraska Territory. The dispute further strained the relations of the North and South, making civil war imminent.
Bread riots in the South
events of civil unrest in the Confederacy during the American Civil War, perpetrated mostly by women in March and April 1863. During these riots, which occurred in cities throughout the South, hungry women and men invaded and looted various shops and stores.
Border states
slave states that did not secede from the Union when the Confederacy formed in 1860-1861. These states included Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia.
Carpetbaggers
Northerners who moved South after the war, sometimes with all their possessions in a carpetbag, during Reconstruction.
Charles Sumner
American Politician and senator from Massachusetts. He was the leader of the antislavery forces in Massachusetts and among the leaders of the Radical Republicans.
Chinese Immigration
Chinese immigrants first flocked to the United States in the 1850s, eager to escape the economic chaos in China and to try their luck at the California gold rush. When the Gold Rush ended, Chinese Americans were considered cheap labor.
Civil War
a limited war between Union forces seeking to preserve the Union and Confederate forces seeking to preserve their independence and domestic institutions.
Colfax Massacre
a white supremacist group killed at least 150 African American men in Colfax, Louisiana, after a disputed election.
Compromise of 1850
five laws passed in September of 1850 that dealt with the issue of slavery and territorial expansion.
Compromise of 1877 (aka Bargain of 1877)
a purported informal, unwritten deal that settled the intensely disputed 1876 U.S. presidential election, pulled federal troops out of state politics in the South, and ended the Reconstruction Era.
Confederate advantages in Civil War
- The Confederates can fight a defensive war because they don’t have to conquer the North, they have to not loose. If the north goes home, the Confederates win.
- They are more familiar with the terrain, CW is mostly fought in the south.
“Contraband”
something smuggled out of a country. Runaway slaves who often turned up in Union army camps were often coined as contraband during the civil war. Many of these slaves earned their freedom after the war.
Copperheads
a vocal group of Democrats in the Northern United States who opposed the American Civil War, wanting an immediate peace settlement with the Confederates.
Cotton economy (“King Cotton”)
Term used by Southern authors and orators before the Civil War to indicate the economic dominance of the Southern cotton industry, and that the North needed the South’s cotton.
Crittenden Compromise
A plan proposed by Senator John J. Crittenden for a constitutional amendment to protect slavery from federal interference in any state where it already existed and for the westward extension of the Missouri Compromise line to the California border.
Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions
series of resolutions issued at the end of the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848
Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
The highly controversial 1857 Supreme Court decision that rejected the claim of a slave, who. argued that time spent with his owner in regions that barred slavery had made him a free man. It also declared that Congress lacked the right to regulate slavery in the territories.
Election of 1860
This marked the first time that a Republican was elected president. It was also the first presidential election in which both major party candidates were registered in the same home state
Emancipation Proclamation
freed slaves in the rebellious and border states. The Union created African American units in the Army and Navy.
Enforcement Acts
three bills passed by the United States Congress between 1870 and 1871. They were criminal codes which protected African-Americans’ right to vote, to hold office, to serve on juries, and receive equal protection of laws.
Evolution of slavery 1800-1860
continued importation of new slaves from Africa and the Caribbean; and natural population growth, especially among American-born slaves, who lived longer lives and bore more children than African-born slaves.
Fort Sumter
South Carolina location where Confederate forces fired the first shots of the Civil War in April of 1861, after Union forces attempted to provision the fort.
Frederick Douglass
An African-American social reformer, writer and statesmen. He escaped from slavery and became a leader of an abolitionist movement and became the most famous black abolitionist.
