Unit 4 Test

Question 1

American Anti-Slavery Society & Abolition Movement

Answer 1

Abolitionist society

Question 2

American Colonization Society/movement

Answer 2

founded in 1817 for purpose of transporting blacks back to Africa, most blacks had no wish to do so because they were partially Americanized and by this time almost all slaves were native born African-Americans.

Question 3

American Party (Know-Nothings)

Answer 3

a prominent United States political party during the late 1840s and the early 1850s. The American Party originated in 1849. Its members strongly opposed immigrants and followers of the Catholic Church.

Question 4

Anaconda Plan

Answer 4

Plan for civil war proposed by general-in-chief Winfield Scott, which emphasized the blockade of Southernp ports and called for an advance down the Mississippi River the cut the South in two, the plan would suffocate the South.

Question 5

Antebellum

Answer 5

the period of increasing sectionalism that led up to the American Civil War.

Question 6

Appomattox & the surrender

Answer 6

where the surrender of the Confederate Army under Robert E. Lee To Ulysses S. Grant took place on April 9, 1865.

Question 7

Battle of Antietam

Answer 7

the first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Northern soil. It was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with almost 23,000 casualties. After this “win” for the North, Lincoln announced the Emancipation Proclamation.

Question 8

Battle of Bull Run/Manasas (First)

Answer 8

1st major battle of Civil War, and the Confederate’s victory. The battle is also known as the first Battle of Manassas. It shattered the North’s hopes of winning the war quickly., the first major land battle of the American Civil War

Question 9

Battle of Gettysburg

Answer 9

A large battle in the American Civil War, took place in southern Pennsylvania from July 1 to July 3, 1863. The battle is named after the town on the battlefield. Union General George G. Meade led an army of about 90,000 men to victory against General Robert E. Lee’s Confederate army of about 75,000.

Question 10

Battle of Shiloh

Answer 10

bloody Civil War battle on the Tennessee-Mississippi border that resulted in the deaths of more than 23,000 soldiers and ended in a marginal Union victory.

Question 11

Black Codes

Answer 11

imposed harsh labor contracts on African American workers, limited their mobility, and denied them access to many public facilities. They were a precursor to the Jim Crow laws that would persist for decades, reinforcing racial segregation and inequality in the South.

Question 12

Black soldiers in Union army

Answer 12

served in artillery and infantry and performed all noncombat support functions that sustain an army, as well.

Question 13

“Bleeding Kansas”

Answer 13

A sequence of violent events involving abolitionists and pro-Slavery elements that took place in Kansas-Nebraska Territory. The dispute further strained the relations of the North and South, making civil war imminent.

Question 14

Bread riots in the South

Answer 14

events of civil unrest in the Confederacy during the American Civil War, perpetrated mostly by women in March and April 1863. During these riots, which occurred in cities throughout the South, hungry women and men invaded and looted various shops and stores.

Question 15

Border states

Answer 15

slave states that did not secede from the Union when the Confederacy formed in 1860-1861. These states included Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia.

Question 16

Carpetbaggers

Answer 16

Northerners who moved South after the war, sometimes with all their possessions in a carpetbag, during Reconstruction.

Question 17

Charles Sumner

Answer 17

American Politician and senator from Massachusetts. He was the leader of the antislavery forces in Massachusetts and among the leaders of the Radical Republicans.

Question 18

Chinese Immigration

Answer 18

Chinese immigrants first flocked to the United States in the 1850s, eager to escape the economic chaos in China and to try their luck at the California gold rush. When the Gold Rush ended, Chinese Americans were considered cheap labor.

Question 19

Civil War

Answer 19

a limited war between Union forces seeking to preserve the Union and Confederate forces seeking to preserve their independence and domestic institutions.

Question 20

Colfax Massacre

Answer 20

a white supremacist group killed at least 150 African American men in Colfax, Louisiana, after a disputed election.

Question 21

Compromise of 1850

Answer 21

five laws passed in September of 1850 that dealt with the issue of slavery and territorial expansion.

Question 22

Compromise of 1877 (aka Bargain of 1877)

Answer 22

a purported informal, unwritten deal that settled the intensely disputed 1876 U.S. presidential election, pulled federal troops out of state politics in the South, and ended the Reconstruction Era.

Question 23

Confederate advantages in Civil War

Answer 23

1. The Confederates can fight a defensive war because they don’t have to conquer the North, they have to not loose. If the north goes home, the Confederates win.
2. They are more familiar with the terrain, CW is mostly fought in the south.

Question 24

“Contraband”

Answer 24

something smuggled out of a country. Runaway slaves who often turned up in Union army camps were often coined as contraband during the civil war. Many of these slaves earned their freedom after the war.

Question 25

Copperheads

Answer 25

a vocal group of Democrats in the Northern United States who opposed the American Civil War, wanting an immediate peace settlement with the Confederates.

Question 26

Cotton economy (“King Cotton”)

Answer 26

Term used by Southern authors and orators before the Civil War to indicate the economic dominance of the Southern cotton industry, and that the North needed the South's cotton.

Question 27

Crittenden Compromise

Answer 27

A plan proposed by Senator John J. Crittenden for a constitutional amendment to protect slavery from federal interference in any state where it already existed and for the westward extension of the Missouri Compromise line to the California border.

Question 28

Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions

Answer 28

series of resolutions issued at the end of the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848

Question 29

Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)

Answer 29

The highly controversial 1857 Supreme Court decision that rejected the claim of a slave, who. argued that time spent with his owner in regions that barred slavery had made him a free man. It also declared that Congress lacked the right to regulate slavery in the territories.

Question 30

Election of 1860

Answer 30

This marked the first time that a Republican was elected president. It was also the first presidential election in which both major party candidates were registered in the same home state

Question 31

Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 31

freed slaves in the rebellious and border states. The Union created African American units in the Army and Navy.

Question 32

Enforcement Acts

Answer 32

three bills passed by the United States Congress between 1870 and 1871. They were criminal codes which protected African-Americans' right to vote, to hold office, to serve on juries, and receive equal protection of laws.

Question 33

Evolution of slavery 1800-1860

Answer 33

continued importation of new slaves from Africa and the Caribbean; and natural population growth, especially among American-born slaves, who lived longer lives and bore more children than African-born slaves.

Question 34

Fort Sumter

Answer 34

South Carolina location where Confederate forces fired the first shots of the Civil War in April of 1861, after Union forces attempted to provision the fort.

Question 35

Frederick Douglass

Answer 35

An African-American social reformer, writer and statesmen. He escaped from slavery and became a leader of an abolitionist movement and became the most famous black abolitionist.

Question 36

Freedmen’s Bureau

Answer 36

created by Congress in 1865 to aid newly emancipated slaves by providing food, clothing, medical care, education, and legal support.

Question 37

Free Soil Party

Answer 37

A political party with the main purpose of stopping the expansion of slavery in western territories, arguing free men on free soil.

Question 38

Fugitive Slave Act

Answer 38

a law that made it a crime to help runaway slaves; allowed for the arrest of escaped slaves in areas where slavery was illegal and required their return to slaveholders

Question 39

Gag rule

Answer 39

strict rule passed by pro-southern Congressmen in 1836 to prohibit all discussion of slavery in the House or Representatives. Free Soilers.

Question 40

General U.S. Grant

Answer 40

The 18th president of the United States after graduating from West Point and being a successful military commander in the Civil War.

Question 41

German immigration

Answer 41

Famine and political revolution in Europe led millions of Irish and German citizens to immigrate to America in the mid-nineteenth century.

Question 42

Gettysburg Address

Answer 42

a speech given by Abraham Lincoln after the Battle of Gettysburg, in which he praised the bravery of Union soldiers and renewed his commitment to winning the Civil War

Question 43

Gold Rush

Answer 43

the mass migration of Americans and others to California in search of gold, which was discovered at Sutter's Mill in 1848

Question 44

Homestead Act

Answer 44

The 1862 act that gave 160 acres of free western land to any applicant who occupied and improved the property.

Question 45

Irish immigration

Answer 45

Scotch-Irish," were pulled to America by the promise of land ownership and greater religious freedom.

Question 46

Ironclads

Answer 46

wooden ships with metal armor were employed by both sides during the Civil War.

Question 47

Jefferson Davis

Answer 47

An American statesman and politician who served as President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history from 1861 to 1865.

Question 48

Jim Crow segregation

Answer 48

racial segregation, particularly in the American South. The Jim Crow South was the era during which local and state laws enforced the legal segregation of white and black citizens from the 1870s into the 1960s.

Question 49

John Brown’s Raid at Harper’s Ferry

Answer 49

An attempt to start an armed slave revolt by seizing a United States Arsenal at Harpers Ferry in Virginia in 1859.

Question 50

Johnson’s impeachment

Answer 50

johnson was impeached by the House of Representatives for breaching the Tenure of Office Act. Acquitted by the Senate, he remained in office to serve out his term.

Question 51

Juneteenth

Answer 51

the day of emancipation in Texas which is a traditional holiday among black Texans

Question 52

Justifications for the slave system

Answer 52

the sudden end to the slave economy would have had a profound and killing economic impact in the South where reliance on slave labor was the foundation of their economy.

Question 53

Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)

Answer 53

allowed people in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery within their borders.

Question 54

KKK & other terrorist organizations

Answer 54

the belief that white people are superior to others because of their race. Prior to the Civil War, racism and white supremacy had been common attitudes in both the North and the South.

Question 55

Lecompton Constitution

Answer 55

Pro-slavery constitution that got voted in for Kansas after anti-slavery people boycotted the election, supported the existence of slavery in the proposed state and protected rights of slaveholders. It was rejected by Kansas, making Kansas an eventual free state.

Question 56

Liberty Party

Answer 56

A minor political party that advocated abolition. It broke away from the Anti-Slavery Society because their approach was the view the Constitution and make slavery unconstitutional.

Question 57

Lincoln’s assassination

Answer 57

Lincoln was shot at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C., as the American Civil War was drawing to a close, just six days after the surrender of General Robert E. Lee and the Army of Northern Virginia to General Ulysses S. Grant and Union forces.

Question 58

Nativism

Answer 58

the belief that native-born Americans are superior to foreigners

Question 59

Nat Turner

Answer 59

Slave in Virginia who started a slave rebellion on August 21, 1831.

Question 60

New York Draft Riots

Answer 60

a series of violent disturbances in New York City that were the culmination of discontent with new laws passed by Congress to draft men to fight in the ongoing American Civil War.

Question 61

Overseer

Answer 61

man in charge of managing slaves on a plantation. breakers. men charged to force strong-willed slaves into submission.

Question 62

Panic of 1857

Answer 62

A notable sudden collapse in the economy caused by over speculation in railroads and lands, false banking practices, and a break in the flow of European capital to American investments as a result of the Crimean War.

Question 63

Peninsula Campaign

Answer 63

the Union's grand plan for victory early on in the war. The basis of this plan was to capture Richmond so as to stop the war as early as possible. Robert E. Lee.

Question 64

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Answer 64

U.S. Supreme Court decision supporting the legality of Jim Crow laws that permitted or required separate but equal facilities for blacks and whites.

Question 65

Popular sovereignty

Answer 65

The doctrine stating that the sovereign people of a territory should themselves determine the status of slavery within that territory.

Question 66

Push vs. pull factors for immigrants

Answer 66

Conditions that draw people to another location are known as pull factors. These include economic opportunities, chance for better life, better education, and healthcare, etc.

Question 67

“Redeemers”

Answer 67

Largely former slave owners who were the bitterest opponents of the Republican program in the South.

Question 68

Republican Party

Answer 68

Republican Party was founded in the Northern United States by forces opposed to the expansion of slavery, ex-Whigs, and ex-Free Soilers. The Republican Party quickly became the principal opposition to the dominant Democratic Party and the briefly popular Know Nothing Party.

Question 69

Sanitary Commission

Answer 69

government agency established in 1861 that trained nurses, collected medical supplies, and equipped hospitals in an effort the help the union army.

Question 70

Scalawags

Answer 70

a derogatory name used by Southerners as a name for Southern whites who supported Reconstruction.

Question 71

Seneca Falls Convention

Answer 71

Took place in upperstate New York in 1848. Women of all ages and even some men went to discuss the rights and conditions of women. There, they wrote the Declaration of Sentiments, which among other things, tried to get women the right to vote.

Question 72

Sharecropping

Answer 72

A system of agriculture where a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crop produced on land.

Question 73

Sherman’s March

Answer 73

Union General William Tecmseh Sherman's destructive March through Georgia. An early instance of "Total war", puposely targeting infrastucture and civialian property to diminish moral and undercut the confederate war effort.

Question 74

Slaughterhouse cases

Answer 74

ruled that a citizen's "privileges and immunities," as protected by the Constitution's Fourteenth Amendment against the states, were limited to those spelled out in the Constitution and did not include many rights given by the individual states.

Question 75

Southern Democrats

Answer 75

Southern Democrats were mostly White men living in the South who believed in Jacksonian democracy. In the 19th century, they defended slavery in the United States, and promoted its expansion into the Western United States against the Free Soil opposition in the Northern United States.

Question 76

Southern secession

Answer 76

When a state attempts to secede from, or leave, the nation it was once a part of.

Question 77

Special Field Order 15

Answer 77

Military orders issued by General Sherman on January 16, 1865, that confiscated land along the Atlantic Coast in South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida to be settled by freed slaves and blacks.

Question 78

Transcontinental Railroad

Answer 78

a continuous rail line constructed between Omaha, Nebraska and San Francisco Bay, California.

Question 79

Uncle Tom’s Cabin & Harriet Beacher Stowe

Answer 79

An 1852 novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe documenting the fictional, though realistically inspired, account of a family of slaves in the deep south, criticizing the wickedness of slavery by demonstrating its terrible inhumanity through the eyes of its most common and deeply affected victims.

Question 80

Underground Railroad

Answer 80

a secret network of antislavery northerners who illegally helped fugitive slaves escape to free states or Canada during the period before the American Civil War.

Question 81

Union advantages in Civil War

Answer 81

The Union had a larger population (22 million people) They had a stable federal government. While the Confederacy had the strongest leaders, the Union had more good. leaders – Ulysses Grant, William Sherman, Philip Sheridan, George Thomas.

Question 82

US v. Cruikshank

Answer 82

dealt with the prosecution of white supremacist individuals who were charged with violating the civil rights of African Americans during the Colfax Massacre of 1873 in Louisiana

Question 83

Vagrancy Laws

Answer 83

criminalized many activities, such as vagrancy, that were used to arrest and detain African Americans and force them into involuntary labor.

Question 84

William Lloyd Garrison and The Liberator

Answer 84

William Lloyd Garrison was an outspoken abolitionist. He published an anti-slavery newspaper called The Liberator. It called for freedom for all slaves immediately

Question 85

Wilmot Proviso

Answer 85

proposed after the Mexican War that stated that neither slavery no involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any territory gained from Mexico.

Question 86

Women’s Rights Movement

Answer 86

The main movement of the 20th century would be the suffrage movement, where American women campaigned for their right to vote.

Question 87

13th Amendment

Answer 87

Constitutional amendment prohibiting all forms of slavery and involuntary servitude.

Question 88

14th Amendment

Answer 88

granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States—including formerly enslaved people—and guaranteed all citizens “equal protection of the laws.”

Question 89

15th Amendment

Answer 89

prohibited any government in the US from denying a citizen the right to vote based on "race, color, or previous condition of servitude".