S1: Anatomy Decks (SS) > Unit 2: Upper arm > Flashcards

Unit 2: Upper arm Flashcards

(60 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

Somite pairs at 3rd week development

A

44; spread out to create 31 spinal nerves

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2
Q

upper and lower buds form

A

4th week
U: C5-T1
L: L2-S2

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3
Q

Upper and lower buds rotate oppositely

A

7th week

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4
Q

Distal ends of 2 bones at a synovial joint

A

articular cartilage

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5
Q

Articular joint capsule cavities

A

Outer fibrous (harder)
Inner synovial membrane (softer)

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6
Q

Functional joint

A

-no joint cavity
-held together by soft tissues
(scapula thoracic joint)

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7
Q

3 synovial joints in the shoulder

A

-glenohumeral joint
-acromionclavicular joint
-sternal clavicular joint

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8
Q

Subacromial space

A

-supraspinatus travels though here
-subacromial impingement (type 3 where acromion bone hooks)

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9
Q

Humeral site of deltoid tubrosity

A

half way down on LATERAL side (opposite side of pointed humeral head)

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10
Q

Humeral site of coracobrachialis

A

half way down on MEDIAL side (SAME side of pointed humeral head)

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11
Q

Sternal end of clavicle

A

big joint surface
thicker articular cartilage

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12
Q

Transverse humeral ligament

A

Keeps LH biceps tendon in place against humerus

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13
Q

Muscles attaching to coracoid process

A

coracobrachialis
SH biceps tendon
Pec minor

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14
Q

Where is the radial groove

A

on humerus inferior to the deltoid tuberosity

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15
Q

Where does the axillary artery change to the brachial artery

A

at the Teres major insertion

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16
Q

Purpose of arterial anastomoses

A

in case of a blood clot, blood can bypass the main axillary artery and travel dorsal scap artery

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17
Q

Shoulder flexion (sagittal plane)

A

PRIMARY:
Anterior deltoid
Clavicular head of pec major
Coracobrachialis

SECONDARY:
SH biceps brachii

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18
Q

Shoulder extension (sagittal plane)

A

PRIMARY:
Lat and teres major

SECONDARY:
Posterior deltoid
LH Triceps brachii
Sternal head of Pec major

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19
Q

Shoulder abduction (frontal plane)

A

Supraspinatus
middle deltoid

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20
Q

Shoulder adduction (frontal plane)

A

PRIMARY:
Lat and teres major
Coracobrachialis

SECONDARY:
LH Triceps brachii
Pec major

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21
Q

Shoulder ER (transverse plane)

A

PRIMARY:
*Infraspinatus

SECONDARY:
posterior deltoid
teres minor

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22
Q

Shoulder IR (transverse plane)

A

PRIMARY:
*Subscapularis
Lat and teres major

SECONDARY:
Anterior deltoid
Pec major

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23
Q

Shoulder HORIZONTAL abduction (transverse plane)

A

Posterior deltoid
lat and teres major

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24
Q

Shoulder HORIZONTAL adduction (transverse plane)

A

PRIMARY:
*Pec major
Coracobrachialis

SECONDARY:
Anterior deltoid

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25
Most common to least common RTC injuries
1. Supraspinatus 2. Infraspinatus 3. Teres minor 4. Subscapularis
26
Ligament over suprascapular notch
Superior transverse scapular ligament *Suprascapular artery travels on TOP *Suprascapular nerve travels UNDER
27
Suprascapular nerve entrapment
arthritic Superior transverse scapular ligament compressing nerve in athletes with atrophied supra and infraspinatus
28
Acromion Types
Type 1: Flat Type 2: Curved Type 3: Hooked
29
Partial tears RTC
-Articular sided (underside from humerus) -Bursal sided (from above from inflamed bursa) *MOST PAINFUL
30
Glenoid labrum
-Fibrocartilage -Deepens the socket -LHB connects here and supraglenoid
31
SLAP tears
Superior Labrum Anterior Posterior -throwing athletes -LHB tendinitis
32
Scapular thoracic joint (STJ) movements of shoulder
upward rotations, protraction, posterior tilting
33
Glenohumeral joint (GHJ) movements of shoulder
External rotation
34
Clavicle movements of shoulder
elevating and rotating backwards
35
Total shoulder ABD.
180 degrees 2:1 ratio
36
EARLY phase of SHR
-initial 30 degrees abd. -ALL GHJ
37
MID phase of SHR
-30 to 120 degrees (90 total) -STJ contributes 45 -GHJ contributes 45
38
LATE phase of SHR
-120 to 180 degrees (60 total)
39
SHR abduction ratio
2:1 (120 GHJ: 60 STJ)
40
Coracohumeral ligament
greatest stiffness
41
Superior Glenohumeral ligament
limits inferior translation and ER
42
Middle Glenohumeral ligament
limits anterior translation
43
Inferior Glenohumeral ligament
"hammock"
44
GHJ Capsule tightest at what angle
tightest at 90/90 (90 abd, 90 ER, 90 elbow flexion)
45
Shoulder instability
"born loose" - Bilateral "torn loose" - Unilateral
46
Bursa
-synovial membrane protruding through aperture to form bursa -between tendons and fibrous membrane -Can get firmer with age causing RTC tear (subacromial bursa)
47
Sternoclavicular joint
-synovial saddle joint -clavicular head articulates with calvicular notch on sternum
48
3 degrees of freedom of SC joint
elevation/depression protraction/retraction posterior/anterior rotation
49
Anterior sternoclavicular ligament
resists clavicle moving anterior
50
Costoclavicular ligament
keeps clavicle from excess elevation
51
Interclavicular Ligament
keeps clavicle from exesss depression
52
Acromioclavicular ligament
synovial "plane" joint weak joint capsule acromion slightly inferior to distal clavicle
53
What makes up the coracoclavicular ligament
Trapezoid (guides clavicle during rotation) and Conoid (prevents vertical displacement)
54
Coracoacromial ligament
roof of subacromial space
55
Separated shoulder
Acromioclavicular joint ruptured/dislocated coracoclavicular joint STILL INTACT
56
Piano Key
Dislocation and rupture of both Acromioclavicular joint and coracoclavicular joint
57
Common clavicular fracture
central 1/3 of clavicle mostly in children and typically no surgery needed
58
Most common shoulder dislocation
anterior
59
Bankart injury
in 3 o'clock region of GHJ in right arm and 9 o'clock of left labrum pulled off
60
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