Unit 2 Vocab - States of Consciousness

Question 1

consciousness

Answer 1

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

Question 2

biological rhythms

Answer 2

series of bodily functions regulated by your internal clock
control cycles like sleep, wakefulness, body temp, hormone secretion, etc.

Question 3

circadian rhythms

Answer 3

the biological clock
regualr bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle

Question 4

REM sleep

Answer 4

Rapid Eye Movement
a recurring sleep stage during which vivd dreams commonly occur
AKA paradoxical sleep bc muscles are relaxed, but other systems are active

Question 5

ALPHA waves

Answer 5

the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state

Question 6

sleep

Answer 6

periodic, natural loss of consciousness
distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, anesthesia, or hibernation

Question 7

hallucinations

Answer 7

false sensory experiences
(ex. seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus)

Question 8

DELTA waves

Answer 8

the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleed

Question 9

insomnia

Answer 9

recurring problems in falling asleep/staying asleep

Question 10

narcolepsy

Answer 10

a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks
the sufferer may lapse into REM sleep at inopportune times

Question 11

sleep apnea

Answer 11

a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep + repeated momentary awakenings

Question 12

night terrors

Answer 12

sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified
occur during Stage 4 sleep - within two or three hours of falling asleep, rarely remembered

Question 13

dream

Answer 13

a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind
notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities

Question 14

manifest content

Answer 14

according to Freud - remembered storyline of a dream

Question 15

latent content

Answer 15

according to Freud - the underlying meaning of a dream

Question 16

REM rebound

Answer 16

the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep depravation; created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep

Question 17

hypnosis

Answer 17

a social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur

Question 18

posthypnotic suggestions

Answer 18

a suggestion made to the subject while in a hypnotic trance, to be acted upon at some time after emerging from the trance

Question 19

dissociation

Answer 19

a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others

Question 20

psychoactive drug

Answer 20

a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods

Question 21

tolerance

Answer 21

the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug’s effect

Question 22

withdrawal

Answer 22

the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug

Question 23

physical dependence

Answer 23

a physiological need for a drug that is marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug discontinued

Question 24

psychological dependence

Answer 24

a psychological need to use a drug such as to relieve negative emotions

Question 25

addiction

Answer 25

compulsive drug craving and use despite adverse consequences

Question 26

depressants

Answer 26

drugs (alcohol, barbiturates, opiates, etc.) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions

Question 27

barbiturates

Answer 27

drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement

Question 28

opiates

Answer 28

opium and its derivatives (morphine, heroin)
depress neural activity, temporarily lessen pain and anxiety

Question 29

stimulants

Answer 29

drugs (caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions

Question 30

amphetamines

Answer 30

drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded up bodily functions and associated energy and mood changes

Question 31

methamphetamines

Answer 31

a powerful addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded up body functions and associated energy and mood changes
over time - appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels

Question 32

ecstasy (MDMA)

Answer 32

synthetic drug that alters mood and perception

Question 33

hallucinogens

Answer 33

psychadelic (mind-manifesting) drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory inputs

Question 34

LSD

Answer 34

a powerful hallucinogenic drug
AKA acid

Question 35

THC

Answer 35

the major active ingredients in marijuana
triggers a variety of effects including mild hallucinations

Question 36

near-death experience

Answer 36

an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death
often similar to drug induced hallucinations

Question 37

dualism

Answer 37

the view that the mind and body both exist as separate entities

Question 38

monism

Answer 38

the view that the mind and body are the same entity