Unit 7 Vocab - Motivation, Emotion, and Stress

Question 1

motivation

Answer 1

a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

Question 2

instinct

Answer 2

a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout species and is unlearned

Question 3

drive-reduction theory

Answer 3

the idea that aphysiological need created and aroused tension state (drive) that motivated an organism to satisfy that need

Question 4

homeostasis

Answer 4

a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; regulation of body chemistry

Question 5

incentive

Answer 5

a positive or negative environmental stiumulus that motivated behavior

Question 6

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 6

pyramid of human needs, first level is pyhsiological needs that must be satisfied before higher-level safety and psychological needs become active

Question 7

glucose

Answer 7

form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides major source of energy for bodily tissues

Question 8

set point

Answer 8

the point at which an individual’s weight thermostat is supposedly set; body either increases or decreases hunger cues to maintain weight

Question 9

basal metabolic rate

Answer 9

the body’s resting rate of energy expenditure

Question 10

anorexia nervosa

Answer 10

ED in which a person diets and becomes significantly underweight, yet continues to starve
usually affects adolescent females

Question 11

bulimia nervosa

Answer 11

ED characterized by episodes of overeating followed by vomiting, fasting, excessive exercise
binge/purge cycle

Question 12

sexual response cycle

Answer 12

the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Jonson - excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution

Question 13

refractory period

Answer 13

a resting period after orgasm

Question 14

(psycho)sexual disorder

Answer 14

problems that are psychological in origin, a group of dysfunctions caused by a persons inability to full engage in and derive pleasure from sex; may occur during any stage of the sexual response cycle

Question 15

estrogen

Answer 15

female sex hormone, contributes to female sex characteristics

Question 16

testosterone

Answer 16

male sex hormone, stimulate growth of male sex organs in fetus and development of male sex characteristics

Question 17

sexual orientation

Answer 17

an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either sex (homosexual/heterosexual/etc.)

Question 18

flow

Answer 18

the melting together of action and consciousness; state of intense engagement, focus, and contentment in the present moment/activity

Question 19

industrial-organizational (I/O) psychology

Answer 19

the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces

Question 20

personnel psychology

Answer 20

branch of I/O that deals with the selection, placement, training, promotion, evaluation, and counseling of employees

Question 21

organizational psychology

Answer 21

area of psych concerned with human behavior and interactions between people in the workplace

Question 22

structured interviews

Answer 22

method for gathering info, surveys and personnel selection, in which questions/wording/order are predetermined

Question 23

achievement motivation

Answer 23

need for excellence and significant accomplishment, despite what rewards may be offered after the achievement has been met

Question 24

task leadership

Answer 24

leadership style with a heavy emphasis on structure, plans, and schedules for getting things done

Question 25

social leadership

Answer 25

emotional and empathetic leadership style of leaders who focus on connection, collaboration, and communication
understands importance of strong team relationships and positive work environments

Question 26

emotion

Answer 26

a response of the whole organism, involving physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience

Question 27

James-Lange theory

Answer 27

our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physioloical responses to emotion-arousing stimuli

Question 28

Cannon-Bard theory

Answer 28

emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers physiological responses and subjective experiences of emotion

Question 29

two-factor theory

Answer 29

Schachter-Singer theory that to experience emotion one must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal

Question 30

polygraph

Answer 30

machine commonly used in an attempt to detect lies, measures several physiological responses accompanying emotion

Question 31

catharsis

Answer 31

emotional release
catharsis hypothesis: releasing aggressive energy relieves aggressive urges

Question 32

feel-good-do-good phenomenon

Answer 32

tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood

Question 33

subjective well-being (SWB)

Answer 33

how people experience and evaluate their lives and specific domains/activities in their lives

Question 34

adaptation-level phenomenon

Answer 34

our tendency to form judgements relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience

Question 35

relative deprivation

Answer 35

the perception that we are worse off relative to those with whom we compare ourselves