Unit 2.3 : Cellular Respiration

Question 1

Cellular respiration occurs in…

Answer 1

MITOCHONDRION
more = more energy produces

Question 2

Mitochondrion labels

Answer 2

outer membrane (straight)
inner membrane (form folds)
cristae *3
matrix *2
cytoplasm outside *1

Question 3

Anaerobic

Answer 3

oxygen is not needed for processes to occur

Question 4

Aerobic

Answer 4

Oxygen must be present for process to occur

Question 5

Equation:

Answer 5

C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O + ATP

Question 6

Aim of cell resp:

Answer 6

make energy available for cell’s metabolism
energy made as ATP for cell use
(stored / stuck in glucose)

Question 7

Phosphorylation:

Answer 7

makes ATP
(energy carrier of cell)
held safely & transported for metabolic process , (released for cell resp)

if done INCORRECTLY:
cell overheats , enzymes denature

Question 8

Cell resp
Aerobic

Answer 8

1. Glycolysis
2. Krebs Cycle
3. Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 9

cell resp
Anaerobic (less efficient)

Answer 9

1. Glycolysis

PLANTS
alcoholic fermentation
(alcohol + CO2)
* irreversible

ANIMALS
lactic acid fermentation
krebs
o. p
(reversible)
creates energy and holds until O2 returns

Question 10

1. Glycolysis

Answer 10

(no O2 used): Anaerobic
Glucose: stores energy stable molecule
Energy from 2 ATP breaks down + activates glucose
ENERGY breaks glucose into two C2— Krebs (2)

During various processes :
H+ released
–> 3 (oxidative phosphorylation)

2 ATP formed in Glycolysis (little!)

(4-2borrowed = 2 net)

Question 11

2. Krebs Cycle

Answer 11

(Aerobic)

C2 compound comes from phase 1 (Glycolysis)

Energised hydrogen ions are formed in the Kreb’s cycle and are taken to phase 3

carbon dioxide is released into the air

+C2
CO2
-2Co2
-H
-ATP
-H

Question 12

3. Oxidative Phosphorylation

Answer 12

(Aerobic)

Energised hydrogen ions from Phase 1 and 2 enter this phase.

Each hydrogen ion bonds with 7 hydrogen acceptors one after the other.

Each time the hydrogen ion bonds with an acceptor, energy is released and ATP formed

36 ATP molecules formed

Last hydrogen acceptor is oxygen

Hydrogen permanently bonds with oxygen to form water

Cell resp : 2 + 36 = 38 ATP molecules

Question 13

Fermentation: PLANTS

Answer 13

Alcoholic fermentation
(brewing + baking)
*yeast

formed:
CO2 + ethanol
(not reversible)

Question 14

Fermentation: ANIMALS

Answer 14

Lactic Acid fermentation
occurs in muscles
(lack of O2 during exercise)

formed:
lactic acid + ATP

O2 returns: lactic acid reworked into krebs and oxidative phosphorylation
forms ATP
released: H2O + CO2

stiff muscles – cell resp.

Question 15

raw materials
Aerobic

Answer 15

Glucose
Oxygen

Question 16

raw materials
Anaerobic

Answer 16

Glucose only

Question 17

products
Aerobic

Answer 17

CO2
H2O
ATP

Question 18

products
Anaerobic

Answer 18

Lactic acid (animals)
ethanol + CO2 (yeast)

Question 19

energy (ATP) released
Aerobic

Answer 19

High
38 ATP per glucose molecule

Question 20

energy (ATP) released
Anaerobic

Answer 20

Low
2 ATP per glucose molecule

Question 21

Location in cell
Aerobic

Answer 21

1 : cytoplasm
2 : matrix
3 : cristae

Question 22

Location in cell
Anaerobic

Answer 22

Cytoplasm

Question 23

O2 requirements
Aerobic

Answer 23

yes

Question 24

O2 requirements
Anaerobic

Answer 24

no

Question 25

cell resp investigations:

Answer 25

boiled seeds + germinating seeds (tealight) Lime water + muslin (snails vs seeds) 2 controls shoot with pumps in bottles ( soda lime + lime water) waterplant & snail

Question 26

The most common substrate of respiration :

Answer 26

glucose

Question 27

The energy-rich compound generated as the final product during respiration:

Answer 27

ATP

Question 28

The production of alcohol by yeast is called:

Answer 28

fermentation

Question 29

Glycolysis takes place in:

Answer 29

cytoplasm

Question 30

krebs cycle operates in:

Answer 30

mitochondrial matrix

Question 31

anaerobic respiration takes place :

Answer 31

In the cytoplasm

Question 32

The numbers of ATP molecules produced during aerobic and anaerobic respiration are :

Answer 32

2 + 36

Question 33

cramps are caused by heavy exercise resulting in the accumulation of

Answer 33

lactic acid

Question 34

The process common to aerobic and anaerobic respiration

Answer 34

glycolysis

Question 35

The process complementary to respiration is

Answer 35

photosynthesis

Question 36

Anaerobic respiration in the muscles does not produce

Answer 36

carbon dioxide

Question 37

Respiration in addition to producing energy also carries out the function of

Answer 37

producing the major part of body heat

Question 38

When muscles are very active they respire anaerobically as there us not enough

Answer 38

oxygen

Question 39

energy released during oxidative phosphorylation is used to form

Answer 39

ATP

Question 40

The muscles of a tennis player get tired at the end of a match. Which of the following chemical substances have increased in concentration in the muscles to cause this feeling?

Answer 40

lactic acid

Question 41

exhausted muscle little ATP, little glucose, much lactic acid

Answer 41

If a muscle is subjected to extreme exhaustion , it must have been working strenuously under these conditions, oxygen cannot reach it as quickly as needed. The muscle cells therefore respire anaerobically. Glycolysis takes place, which used glucose and releases a little ATP but the C2 formed combines with H+ to form lactic acid

Question 42

1. Final Hydrogen acceptor in oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 42

oxygen

Question 43

2. Sites of respiration

Answer 43

mitochondria

Question 44

3. Chemical solution used to detect the presence of carbon dioxide

Answer 44

lime water

Question 45

4. Waste product of respiration

Answer 45

carbon dioxide

Question 46

5. Absorbs carbon dioxide

Answer 46

sodium hydroxide

Question 47

The type of anaerobic respiration in yeast cells

Answer 47

Alcoholic fermentation

Question 48

The general energy carrier in all living cells

Answer 48

ATP

Question 49

The variable in an investigation that brings about a change

Answer 49

independent variable

Question 50

The process during which potential chemical energy is converted into usable energy, which maintains all the vital processes in living organisms

Answer 50

respiration

Question 51

The biochemical process occurring in the absence of molecular oxygen

Answer 51

anaerobic respiration

Question 52

Processes in all cells that involve the building up of molecules (making proteins)

Answer 52

anabolic

Question 53

The type of anaerobic respiration in muscle fibres

Answer 53

lactic acid fermentation

Question 54

a process that is complementary to respiration

Answer 54

photosynthesis

Question 55

as a result of aerobic respiration, carbon dioxide and ..... are formed and energy is released

Answer 55

water

Question 56

...... makes energy available for use in a cell

Answer 56

ATP

Question 57

Energy is needed for active transport of molecules and ions across:

Answer 57

membranes

Question 58

........ energy is present in food before respiration takes place

Answer 58

chemical potential

Question 59

The main energy-releasing phase of respiration is:

Answer 59

oxidative phosphorylation