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Gross Anatomy 1 > Unit 2a > Flashcards

Unit 2a Flashcards

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1
Q

What area do shoulder muscles cover

A

Upper part of the anterior thoracic region and spread posteriorly to cover most of the posterior thoracic region

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2
Q

Shoulder muscles are divide into how many distinct groups based on where they originate and insert

A

3

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3
Q

Muscles that originate on the vertebral column or skull

A
  1. Trapezius
  2. Rhomboid major
  3. Rhomboid minor
  4. Elevator scapula
  5. Latissimus Dorsi
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4
Q

Trapezius

A

Large muscle which covers the posterior cervical thoracic region
- often involved in neck injuries(whip lash)

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5
Q

Origin of the trapezius

A
  • External occipital protuberance
  • superior nuchae line
  • ligamentous nuchae
  • spines of the thoracic vertebrae(C7-T12)
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6
Q

Insertion of the trapezius

A
  • Clavicle

- acromion process and spine of the scapula

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7
Q

Actions of the trapezius

A
  1. Stabilizes
  2. Upper elevates
  3. Middle adduct and depress
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8
Q

Nerve supply of the trapezius

A

Motor innervation from the spinal accessory nerve (XI cranial) sensory innervation from C3 and C4

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9
Q

Trapezius palsy

A

Weakness of the muscle

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10
Q

Clinical examination to test XI cranial nerve

A

Have patients shrug against resistance testing both side at once to evaluate for weakness

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11
Q

Rhomboid major

A

Flat thin muscle which is rhomboid in shape and lies deep to the trapezius

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12
Q

Origin of the rhomboid major

A

Spines/upper thoracic vertebrae

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13
Q

Insertion of rhomboid major

A

Vertebral border of the scapula

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14
Q

Rhomboid minor

A

Muscle that lies superior and parallel to the rhomboid major,with which it is sometimes fused

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15
Q

Origin of rhomboid minor

A

Spines lower cervicals and first thoracic vertabrae

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16
Q

Levator scapula

A

Muscle found on the side of the neck, deep to the superior portion of the trapezius

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17
Q

Origin of the levator scapula

A

Transverse processes/upper cervical vertabrae

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18
Q

Insertion of the levator scapula

A

Superior angle/scapula, proximal medial border/scapula

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19
Q

Action of the rhomboids and levator scapula

A

Elevate
Abduct
Stabilize

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20
Q

Where do the nerve supplies come from for the rhomboids and levator scapula muscles

A

Dorsal scapular nerve C5

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21
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

Large flat muscle which is found over the lower posterior thoracic and lumbar region
- its tendon of insertion helps to form the posterior fold or border of the axilla

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22
Q

Origin of the latissimus dorsi

A

Spines/lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, thoracodorsal fascia, crest/ilium, lower ribs

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23
Q

Insertion of the latissimus dorsi

A

Intertubercular groove/humerus

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24
Q

Action of the latissimus dorsi

A
  1. Extends abducts and medically rotates the humerus

2. Involved with forced expiration

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25
Nerve supply of the latissimus dorsi
Thoracodorsal (C6, C7, and C8)
26
Forward displacement of the numerous at the shoulder joint results in
Weakness or damage to the latissimus dorsi
27
- Depression found at the lower portion of the latissimus dorsi - bounded by the latissimus dorsi, crest of the ilium and external obliques
Lumbar triangle
28
Clinical significance of lumbar triangle
Location where a hernia of the posterior wall may develop
29
- a depression found at the superior border of the latissimus dorsi - bounded by the latissimus dorsi, trapezius, and vertebral border of the scapula
Triangle of auscultation
30
Clinical significance of the triangle of auscultation
Relatively thin layer of tissue here allows lung sounds to be more easily heard with a stethoscope - enlarge by having patient abduct their scapula (fold arms across their chest)
31
Serratus anterior
Broad muscular sheet, which passes posterior around the thoracic cage from an extensive costal attachment on the scapula
32
Origin of serratus anterior
Upper 8 or 9 ribs
33
Insertion of serratus anterior
Vertebral border/scapula
34
Actions of serratus anterior
1. Abducts/protracts 2. Stabilizes 3. Forced inspiration only when abducted
35
Nerve supply of the serratus anterior
Long thoracic (C5,C6, and C7)
36
Condition in which the serratus anterior muscle is weakened due to damage to the long thoracic nerve or its segmental innervation - patient will have difficulty keeping the vertebral border and inferior angle of scapula against the posterior thoracic wall when carrying out abduction resistance
Long thoracic nerve palsy (winged scapula)
37
Causes of winged scapula
1. Trauma/ subluxation 2. Traction injury involving the shoulder joint 3. Recumbency for a long period
38
Scapular muscles
1. Deltoid 2. Supraspinatus 3. Infraspinatus 4. Subscapularis 5. Teres minor 6. Teres major
39
Rotator cuff muscles
Subgroup of the shoulder includes - suprspinatus - infraspinatus - Subscapularis - Teres minor * all have insertions that help form cuff around the proximal end of the humerus, and participate in either lateral or medial rotation of the humerus
40
Deltoid
Large complex muscle which is named for its resemblance to the Greek letter delta - forms the roundness of the shoulder - divided into three portions
41
Origin of the anterior portion of the deltoid
Clavicle
42
Origin of the middle portion of the deltoid
Acromion process
43
Origin of the posterior portion of the deltoid
Spine of scapula
44
Insertion of all portions of the deltoid
Deltoid tuberosity/humerus
45
Actions of the anterior portion of the deltoid
Flexes and medically rotates the humerus
46
Action of the middle portion of the deltoid
Abducts the humerus
47
Action of the posterior portion of the deltoid
Extends and laterally rotates the humerus
48
Nerve supply of the deltoid
Axillary nerve (C5 and C6)
49
Fracture at the surgical neck of humerus, dislocation of the shoulder joint, or crutch paralysis could cause
Atrophy of the deltoid | Due to an injury to the axillary nerve
50
Supraspinatus
Muscle that occupies the supraspinatus fossa and is deep to the trapezius
51
Origin of the supraspinatus
Supraspinatus fossa/scapula
52
Insertion of the supraspinatus
Greater tuberosity/humerus
53
1. Initiates abduction of the humerus(first 30-40 degrees of motion) 2. Laterally rotates the humerus 3. Stabilizes the humerus
Actions of the supraspinatus
54
Nerve supply of the supraspinatus
Suprascapular (C5 and C6)
55
Irritation and inflammation of the supraspinatus tendon
Rotator cuff tendonitis
56
Common causes of tendonitis
1. Genetic, born with hooked acromion process 2. Weakness around rotator cuff causing humerus to ride up and compress tendons of the cuff 3. Excess stress and repetition 4. Trauma/injury 5. Calcium deposits in the tendon (elderly)
57
Drop test
Used to evaluate rotator cuff tears | - patient is asked to lower the fully abducted limb slowly and the limb will drop suddenly if the tendon is torn
58
Bursitis
Inflammation of the bursa
59
Infraspinatus
A muscle which occupies the infraspinatus fossa of the scapula and is deep to the skin
60
Origin of the infraspinatus
Infraspinatus fossa/scapula
61
Insertion of the infraspinatus
Greater tuberosity/humerus
62
1. Laterally rotates the humerus | 2. Stabilizes the shoulder joint
Actions of the infraspinatus
63
Nerve supply of the infraspinatus
Suprascapular (C5 and C6)
64
Subscapularis
This muscle occupies the ventral surface (subscapular fossa) of the scapula
65
Origin of the subscapularis
Subscapular fossa/scapula
66
Insertion of subscapularis
Lesser tuberosity/humerus
67
Action of subscapularis
1. Medically rotates the humerus | 2. Stabilizes the shoulder joint
68
Teres minor
A narrow muscle which is found parallel to the axillary border of the scapula, between the infraspinatus and Teres major
69
Origin of the Teres minor
Axillary border/scapula
70
Insertion of Teres minor
Greater tuberosity/humerus
71
Actions of the Teres minor
1. Laterally rotates the humerus | 2. Stabilize the shoulder joint
72
Nerve supply of the Teres minor
Axillary (C5 and C6)
73
Teres major
A well developed muscle which, along with the latissimus dorsi helps form the posterior wall of the axilla
74
Origin of the Teres major
Inferior angle/scapula
75
Insertion of the Teres major
Medial lip of the intertubercular groove/humerus
76
Action of the Teres major
1. Abducts and medically rotates the humerus | 2. Stabilizes the shoulder joint
77
Nerve supply of the Teres major
lower subscapular C6
78
Extrinsic ligament
Found superficial to the capsular ligament
79
Intrinsic ligaments
Found deep to the capsular ligament
80
How do ligaments prevent movement
Act as either a rope or a wall
81
Sternoclavicular joint
Joint by which the upper limb articulates with the axial skeleton - most stabile joint of the upper extremity - classified as a plane gliding joint
82
Function of articulate discs
1. Prevent the clavicle from being displaced at its articulation with the sternum 2. Act as shock absorber for forces along the clavicle
83
Articulate disc
Found in the middle of the joint cavity dividing the joint into separate parts
84
Articulations of the sternoclavicular joint
- stern also end of the clavicle - clavicular and costal notched of the sternum - medial end of the first rib
85
Capsular ligament of the sternoclavicular joint
Very strong and completely surrounds the joint
86
Nerve supply of the sternoclavicular joint
Supraclavicular and nerve to the subclavius
87
Movement of the sternoclavicular joint
Passive Elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, and rotation occurs when the scapula moves

Gross Anatomy 1 (5 decks)

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