Unit 3 Case 2: GIT infection Flashcards

Question

DAEC

Answer 1

defined by a pattern of diffuse adherence where bacteria covers entire cell surface

Answer 2

prodcue special toxnis which stimulate the lining of the intestines causing them to secrete excess fluid therefore diarrhoea produces heat stable and heat liable toxins causes diarrhoea, abdominal cramping, fever, nausea

Answer 3

cultures of samples of urine, stool and other infected material taken to culture bacteria and specific toxins idenitfid suscpetibility testingmay occur if the bacteria are identified to see which antibiotics are effective

Answer 4

colour consistency shape odour mucus looks for parasites and their cysts

Answer 5

negative bacilli motile variable capsule flagellated catalase psoitive

Answer 6

clostridium difficule is anaerobic, spore-formig gram postive bacillus causes spectrum of antibiotic associated colitis through release of exotoxins called clostridial toxins infiltrate and destroy target cells

Answer 7

diarrhoea high temperature loss of appetite feeling sick stomach ache

Answer 8

imbalance of bacteria in the bowel due to antibiotics causing infection

Answer 9

over 65 taking or have recently taken antibiotics staying at hospital or care home for long period of time immunosuppressed long term health conditions like dioabetes or kidney failure or chemotherapy taking PPI if you have had a C diff infection

Answer 10

stop antibiotics you are taking if possible 10 day course of another antibiotic that can treat the c difficile infection advice on how to avoid dehydration dont take medication to relieve diarrhoea

Answer 11

campylobacter jejuni salmonella shingella

Answer 12

giardia lamblia cryptosporidium parvum entamoeba histolytica

Answer 13

adenovirus rotavirus norovirus

Answer 14

world health organisation uses global burden of disease

Answer 15

care in selecting food/ drink good sanitisation proper sewage disposal and drainage safe drinking water wide spread vaccination

Answer 16

prednisolone adalimumab picolax metronidazole

Answer 17

antibiotics given to patient before a surgery in order to reduce the risk of post-surgical infections

Answer 18

cafazolin vancomycin gentamicin

Answer 19

should be discontnued before 24 hous as there may be alteration in patient or hospital bacteria lflora leading to bacterial resistance, colonisation

Answer 20

surgical removal of the cecum and the ileum most common operation performed for Crohn may be accomplished by open or laparoscopy surgery

Answer 21

once large incision made in the abdomen where the surgery will be carried out

Answer 22

several smaller incisions made in the abdomen safer option with the aid of a small camera

Answer 23

patient asked to eat low residue diet for few days prior and take some laxatives open or laprascopic removal of caecum and ileum anastomosis of end of small intestine to the beginning of the large intestin intravenous drip given to the pateint patient usually remains in hospital for week

Answer 24

amoebic dysentery giardia duodenalis OCP testing: 3 samples over 10 dya period with no more than 24 hours, cyst and ova shedding is intermittent barium, oil, magnesium or rystalline compounds can lead to unsatisfactory results

Answer 25

shell that protects the parasites during a stage in their life

Answer 26

stool chart 5-7 stool sample GDH EIA: rule out C diff rapid C diff toxin EIA: detect c diff toxins, low sensitivity, alongside other testing PCR; detect presence of c diff and toxins that produce these genes

Answer 27

liquids injected into a persons veins through an IV tube prevent or treat dehydration and electrolyte imbalances

Answer 28

hypertonic hypotonic isotonic

Answer 29

solute has highe rconcentration than cell direction of osmosis is water drawn out of cells cells shrink can result in intravascular fluid overload and pulmonary edema cant be used extensively

Answer 30

no change in concentration gradeint cells neither shrink or exppand treat vomiting diarrhoea shock

Answer 31

solute concentration lower than the cells osmotic direction is into the cells shouldnt be given to patients ith icnreased intercranial pressure as may exacerbate effects of cerebral edema

Answer 32

crystalloid colloid

Answer 33

small molecules able to diffuse across semi-permeable membranes intracellular used to increase fluid volume and intravascular space incase of hypovolemia

Answer 34

larger molecules dont cross semi-permeable membranes remain intravascular rather than entering the cells remain in the blood longer used as plasma expandrs

Answer 35

0.9% nacl crystalloid isotonic hydration due to vomiting and diarrhoea can be used in conjunction with blood administration not for cardiac or renal complications as high sodium can cause excess fluid retention

Answer 36

0.45% normal salie hypotonic crystalloid raise fluid volume waterreplacement sodium chloride depletion

Answer 37

normal saline with additional electrolytes isotonic crystalloid contains Na, Cl, Ca, K for dehydration, burn victims, hypovolemia, acute blood loss not for renal failure or liver disease as contains potassijm

Answer 38

in water in saline in lactated ringers

Answer 39

istonic in bag hypotonic absorbed rehydration

Answer 40

isotonic in the bag hypertonic absorbed circulatory insufficiency

Answer 41

isotonic in the bag hypotonic absorbed can't be used for renal or liver failure or if diabetic

Answer 42

solution msuyt contain Na and gluocse sodium ions pass through the glucose symporter process of active transport driven by the high sodium concentration sodium only passes if glucose prwsent sodium high to low glucose low to high higher concentration of sodium and glucose in the cell on the basal cell is na/k+ atpase sodium against concentration gradient gluocse through gluocse uniporter passively increased glucose and sodium concentration in blood lowers water potential water moves by osmosis from small intestine to the blood rehydration

Answer 43

condition resulting when body loses more fluid than takes in imbalance dirsupts usualy levels of salt and sugar in the blood can interfere with body functions

Answer 44

increased or excessive production of urine

Answer 45

minerals in body with natural positive or negative charge in blood, urine, tissues and other body fluids balance water

Answer 46

amount of sodium relative to volume of water in the blood

Answer 47

total body water distributed into extracellular and intracellular components fluid from extracellular depletes first then intra intra loss results in cell shrinkage and metabolic dysfunciton can be classified according to serum sodium concentration

Answer 48

may produce body cavity effusions (ascites) pitting edema

Answer 49

decreased produces signs of volume depletion dry mucous membranes decreased skin turgor decreased bloodpressyre increased pulse when sitting up from supine positions

Answer 50

normal skin turgor and hydration

Answer 51

involuntary forceful expulsion of contents of ones stomach throug hthe mouth 3 steps: vomitng develops, retching and act controlled by vomiting centre and chemoreceptor trigger zone in the medulla oblongata

Answer 52

deep breath taken glottis closed and larynx raised opens upper oesophageal sphincter diaphragm contracted sharply downwards created negative pressure in thorax facilitates opening of oesphagus and idstal oesphageal sphincter simultaneously with the downward movement of the diaphragm the muscles of the abdomen vigorously contract and squeeze the stomach and increasing intragastric pressure pylorsu is closes and oesphagus is relatively open there is an exit route

Answer 53

diet fatigue brain-gut axis relatiosnhips and sex reproductive health travelling and insurance pregnancy and breast feeding

Answer 54

anxiety depresison stress low mood self esteem disordered eating