Unit 3 - Commercial Home and Personal Care 1 Flashcards by Jessica Carson

What are the different forms of cleaning products that are involved in toxicosis (general categories)?

Acids

Alkalis

Bleaches

Detergents

Disinfectants

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Acids are (caustic/corrosive) and alkalis are (caustic/corrosive).

Acids are corrosive

Alkalis are caustic

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What do corrosive products do?

They damage inorganic and organic material

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What do caustic products do?

They dissolve the structure of an object - burn by degrading organic tissue

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Are alkalis or acids more severe?

Alkalis have more severe effects

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What are the common acids in our cleaning products?

Hydrochloric, sulfuric, phosphoric, oxalic

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What are the sources of acid toxicosis?

Toilet bowl cleaners

metal cleaners

battery fluid

swimming pool cleaners

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What are the common alkalis we encounter?

Sodium hydroxide

Sodium hypochlorite

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An alkali with a pH of <12 is an ______, where as an alkali with a pH >12 causes severe ______.

irritant

burns

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What are the sources of alkali toxicosis?

Drain cleaners

Denture cleaners

Cationic detergents

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What is the MOA of acids?

coagulative necrosis

limited penetration

immediate/intense pain

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What is the MOA of alkalis?

Liquefactive necrosis

Deep penetration - perforation

+/- delayed sensation of burns

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What are the clinical signs of acid/alkali toxicosis dependent on?

Concentration, pH, and duration of exposure

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What clinical signs are consistent with acid/alkali toxicosis?

Feed refusal
Dysphagia
Pytalism
Bloody vomiting
Abdominal pain
Polydipsia
Blindness
+/- respiratory distress

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What lesions do acids cause?

Burns/ ulcerations in the oral cavity

Esophageal lesions are rare

Laryngeal swelling & spasms

Corneal ulceration

Acute inflammation (dark gray - black burns, nitric acid = yellowing of skin)

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What lesions do alkalis cause?

+/- oral burns

Corneal ulceration

Esophgeal lesions - full thickness burns, perforation

GI - bleeding, pyloric burns

Esophageal & GI lesions result in tissue scarring, esophageal stricture, & pyloric stenosis

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How is acid/alkali toxicosis treated?

DO NOT induce emesis

Administer milk - dilute the acid/alkali content

Administer GI protectants

NPO - nasogastric tube and IV fluids

Butorphanol tartrate - pain management

+/- corticosteriods

Rinse eyes and monitor for corneal ulceration

Wash skin with liquid detergent

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What is acid/alkali toxicosis dependent on?

type of exposure

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Solvents are made up of what toxic product?

Hydrocarbons - aliphatic, alicyclic, or aromatic

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T/F: Aliphatic hydrocarbons are more toxic than aromatic

False: Aromatic > aliphatic

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What are the sources of solvents for toxicosis cases?

Paint thinners/strippers - toluene, methylene chloride, turpentine, acetone

Gasoline

Kerosene

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How are pets exposed to solvents?

Inhalation, ingestion, and dermal

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What is the MOA of solvents?

Cell and mucosal damage - eye,skin, GI, and respiratory irritation

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What are the clinical effects of solvents?

GI: Vomiting, bloat, anorexia

CNS: Depression, tremors, convulsions, coma

Skin & Eye: Epithelial damage

Hematological: Bone marrow suppression

Heart: Cardiac arrest

Liver & Kidney damage

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What samples are taken for the diagnosis of solvent toxicosis?

Blood Serum Radiographs

What CBC results are consistent with solvent toxicosis?

Hemoconcentration Anemia Thrombocytopenia Leukopenia

What serum results are consistent with solvent toxicosis?

Hypoglycemia and azotemia

What will you see on radiographs in a patient with solvent toxicosis?

Aspiration pneumonia

How do you treat solvent toxicosis?

Antibiotics Cage rest Treat for shock +/- Blood transfusion

What is contraindicated for the treatment of solvents?

Emesis, gastric lavage, corticosteroids, activated charcoal

When dealing with acid/alkali toxicosis cases, what protective measures should you take?

Wear proper PPE Read the instructions Don't eat it....

What is the pH of bleach?

\> 12

What are the active agents of bleach that are of concern?

Sodium hypochlorite Sodium peroxide Sodium perborate

What are the sources of bleach toxicosis?

Toilet bowl cleaners Laundry detergents Swimming pool cleaner

What species is commonly exposed to bleach products?

Dogs

What is the MOA of bleach?

**Dependent on the compounds** Na hypochlorite - produces chlorine gas when combined with acid of alkali Na peroxide - Decomposes in the GI tract → Gastric irritation Na perborate - Decomposes to peroxide & borate → Gastric irritation

Clinical signs of bleach toxicosis is dependent on what?

concentration, pH, and duration of exposure

What clinical signs are associated with bleach toxicosis?

Pytalism Vomiting Dysphagia Oral ulcerations Coughing Choking

What clin path results are consistent with bleach toxicosis?

**Metabolic acidosis** Elevated Na Elevated Cl

How is bleach toxicosis diagnosed?

History of exposure and associated clinical signs and lesions

What lesions are associated with bleach toxicosis?

Irritaiton/ inflammation: pharynx, glottis, larynx, lungs Corneal ulceration - direct exposure, chlorine gas Pulmonary edema

How is bleach toxicosis treated?

**DO NOT induce emesis** Administer milk - dilute the acid/alkali content **Monitor electrolyte levels - IV fluids** Administer GI protectants NPO - nasogastric tube Butorphanol tartrate - pain management +/- corticosteriods Rinse eyes and monitor for corneal ulceration Wash skin with liquid detergent

If you aren't wearing the proper PPE, what can bleach do to you?

Cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and mucosa

What are the sources of nonionic detergents?

Soap, laundry detergent, dishwashing detergent

T/F: Nonionic detergents are nearly non-toxic.

True

What clinical signs are associated with nonionic detergent toxicosis?

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

What clin path results are consistent with nonionic detergent toxicosis?

Electrolyte imbalances Alkalosis due to vomiting

How is nonionic detergent toxicosis treated?

Decontamination - dilute with milk and water Supportive

What are the sources of anionic detergents?

Laundry and electronic dishwasher (Sulfonated hydrocarbons and phosphorylated hydrocarbons)

At a moderate toxic dose, what do anionic detergents do?

they pose as an irritant

What do anionic detergents do at a high toxic dose?

Electronic detergents

T/F: Anionic detergents have hemolytic properties and are nephrotoxic.

True

What clinical signs are associated with anionic detergent toxicosis?

GI - nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

What lesions are associated with anionic deterget toxicosis?

Pharyngeal and esophageal burns

How is anionic detergent toxicosis treated?

Decontamination - dilute with milk & water Supportive care

What are the sources of cationic detergents?

**Fabric softeners,** germicides, sanitizers

What are the active agents in cationic detergents?

Quaternary ammonias - suspected cholinesterase inhibitors

T/F: Cationic detergents are nearly non-toxic

False - they are highly toxic

What are the clinical signs associated with cationic detergents?

Salivation, weakness, CNS depression, respiratory depression, seizures

How do you treat cationic detergent toxicosis?

Decontamination - **NO EMESIS**, milk, water, egg whites suportive care - analgesics, GI protectants, demulcents

What are the sources of soap toxicosis?

Bars and liquid soaps

What clinical signs are associated with soap toxicosis?

Mild GI irritant - emesis and diarrhea

What soap form is more toxic?

Homemade

How is soap toxicosis treated?

Symptomatic

What is the MOA of phenols?

Denature of proteins and alters cell wall permeability Direct irritation of membranes stimulation of the respiratory center (alkalosis)

Concentrated phenols are extremely \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Corrosive

What is the toxicokinetics of phenols?

Rapid GI absorption, limited skin absorption Metabolized in liver (cats can't conjugate) Excreted in the urine

What clinical signs are associated with phenol toxicosis?

Onset: Minutes Pain Mucosal ulcers/necrosis Mydriasis Tremors/convulsions Incoordination +/- Icterus

What lesions are associated with phenol toxicosis?

Dermal necrosis Hepatic necrosis Renal tubular necrosis Respiratory inflammation

What clin path abnormalities are associated with phenol toxicosis?

Proteinuria Hematuria Urinary casts ↑ Liver enzymes

What are the toxicokinetics of pine oils?

Pine oils - readily absorbed Pine sol - slowly/poorly absorbed in GI Metabolized in liver Distributes to brain, lung, kidney Excreted in urine - glucuronide metabolites

T/F: Cats are more susceptible to pine oil toxicosis.

True

What clinical signs are associated with pine oil toxicosis?

GI - bloody vomit, diarrhea CNS - depression, coma Renal dysfunction

What lesions are associated with pine oil toxicosis?

Gastroenteritis Pulmonary edema - if inhaled Renal tubular necrosis Centrilobular necrosis (cats)

How is pine oil toxicosis treated?

Decontamination: Egg whites OR milk Activated charcoal DO NOT induce emesis Gastric lavage is contraindicated Dermal - bathe with liquid soap Supportive care - Tx shock, correct metabolic imbalancees, prevent liver & kidney failure

What are the sources of isopropyl alcohol for toxicosis cases?

Alchohol wipes, commercial disinfectants, windshield deicing agents

T/F: Isopropyl alcohol is readily absorbed and metabolized.

Trrue

What clinical signs are associated with isopropyl alcohol toxicosis?

Behavioral changes: Excitability ↑ vocalization Incontinence vomiting Acetone breath CNS: Ataxia - loss of reflexes Drowsiness/ Depression Respiratory & Cardiac - depression & Arrest Death

How is Isopropyl alcohol toxicosis diagnosed?

Blood alcohol concentration History of exposure Clinical signs

How is isopropyl alcohol toxicosis treated?

Decontamination ASAP: Emetics, gastric lavage, isothermic water Supportive care: Maintain ventilation - Respiratory stimulants, O2, +/- mechanical ventilation Maintain balance - Acid-base, electrolyte, fluids Maintain body temp - Keep animal warm

Unit 3 - Commercial Home and Personal Care 1 Flashcards

(80 cards)