Unit 3: Energy flow Flashcards
(20 cards)
Activation energy
The amount of energy needed to make a chemical reaction start
Reactants
Substances that are changed during a chemical reaction
Products
Substances that are made by a chemical reaction
Substrate
The reactant
Enzyme
Mostly proteins that speed up biochemical reactions by lowering the activation energy
Active site
Fits only one substrate
Denaturation
The enzymes get deformed and they lose their specific shape and when that happens, it loses its biological activity
What are the 4 levels of consumers? (lowest to highest)
Primary producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers and tertiary consumers
Photosynthesis equation:
6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
What is a light dependent reaction?
Captures energy from the sun
What is a light independent reaction?
Uses energy from the energy carrying molecules (ATP and NADPH) from the light dependent reaction to make glucose
Where does a light dependent reaction occur?
Thylakoid membrane (Grana)
Where does a light independent reaction occur?
Strome
What is glycolysis?
The breakdown of glucose
What is the krebs/citric acid cycle?
2 pyruvates from glycolysis are converted into ATP and CO2 is release as a waste product
Where does the krebs/citric acid cycle happen?
The mitochondrial matrix
What is a electron transport chain?
Makes 34 ATP and H2O molecules. Most of ATP comes from this step.
Where is an electron transport chain?
Inner membrane of the mitochondria
What is lactic acid fermentation?
Occurs in bacteria and animals. Pyruvate from glycolysis is converted into citric acid and 2 ATP.
What is alcohol fermentation?
Occur in yeast when there is no oxygen. Pyruvate from glycolysis is broken down into alcohol, CO2 and two ATP molecules.
