Unit 5: Heredity Flashcards
(36 cards)
Genotype
The actual alleles inherited Ex: FF or Ff
Phenotype
The physical traits/characteristics seen in an organism, Ex: brown hair or purple flowers
Allele
Different versions of the same gene
Dominant
If present, the allele will always have that trait expressed (see)
Recessive
Allele will only have that trait expressed when the dominant allele is not present
Heterozygous
2 different alleles Ex: Ff
Homozygous
2 of the same alleles Ex: FF or ff
Types of blood for a punnet square:
AB, A, B, or O
What are the way you put A, B and O on a punnet square?
Ai, Bi, and ii
Incomplete dominance
The heterozygous phenotype is somewhere between the two homozygous phenotypes. Ex: Red and white make pink
Codominance
Both traits are fully and separately expressed Ex: blood type
Multiple Alleles
Having more than 2 for 1 gene Ex: A, B and O blood types
Polygenic inheritance
A trait produced by 2 or more genes. Ex: Height
Sex-Linked genes
The last pair of chromosomes who determine the biological sex of an organism Ex: hemophilia
Linked Genes
Genes that are closely located on the same chromosome will be inherited together Ex: Blonde hair and blue eyes
Mutation
Causes of mutations
Point mutation, friendship, mutation, duplication, translocation, nondisjunction.
Mutagen
Chemical that can cause DNA mutations
What are the types of mutation?
Gene mutation, chromosome mutation, non-disjunction, translocation, duplication
Gene mutation
Any change in DNA
Frameshift mutation
The insertion of deletion of a nucleotide
Point mutation
Substitute one nucleotide for another
Chromosome mutation
Happens during meiosis and changes the number or location of genes
Nondisjunction
Chromosomes don’t separate correctly during anaphase, resulting in one or three chromosomes rather than two per cell
