Unit 4: Genetics Flashcards
(27 cards)
Gametes
Reproductive cells
Somatic cells
Body cells
Haploid
Each gamete has half the required chromosomes needed to make an organism
Diploid
Zygote with a full set of chromosomes
Homologous chromosome
Chromosome pairs that have the same types of genes
Sister chromatids
Two identical copies of the same chromosome
Crossing over
During prophase I chromosomes can get twisted and swap DNA
Central Dogma of Biology
DNA replication, transcription, and translation
Why do cells do DNA replication?
To replicate its DNA and create new strands
DNA Replication
When a cell is ready to divide, it has to copy it DNA. So it unzips its DNA and then enzymes find a complementary bases and finally two identical, DNA strands are formed, each with an old and new strand. This all happens in the nucleus during S phase.
Why does DNA replication only have two steps?
It’s reading the instructions (DNA) to make a polypeptide.
What are the names of the two steps in DNA replication?
Transcription and translation
The process of making proteins
The process of reading the instructions from DNA to make a polypeptide. It reads the instructions, the transcription and translate it. It does this to get it from the nucleus to the ribosome.
What is Mitosis?
The process of duplicating cells
When does mitosis occur?
During the m-phases
Where does mitosis occur?
In somatic cells everywhere
Why does mitosis occur?
For growth and repair
How does mitosis happen?
The cell duplicates and splits
What is the result of mitosis?
Two identical daughter cells
What type of reproduction is mitosis?
Asexual
What is meiosis?
The creation of sex cells
When does meiosis happen?
During S-Phase
Where does meiosis happen?
In the testes and ovaries
Why does meiosis happen?
To pass on genetic information
