Unit 3 Metabolism Part 2

Question 1

where does the body store ATP

Answer 1

tissue

Question 2

where doe the body store carbohydrate

Answer 2

muscle glycogen - 4th most
serum glucose
liver glycogen

Question 3

where does the body store fat

Answer 3

ADIPOSE tissue - MOST ENERGY STORED HERE
muscle triglycerides - 3rd most
serum triglycerides

Question 4

where does the body store protein

Answer 4

muscles - 2nd most

Question 5

where are lipids stored

Answer 5

triglycerides

Question 6

what are the types of lipids

Answer 6

triglycerides
phospholipids
fatty acids
steroids
fat soluble vitamins
lipoproteins

Question 7

triglycerides

Answer 7

glycerol backbone and 3 fatty acids

Question 8

phospholipids form

Answer 8

plasma membranes

Question 9

lipoproteins

Answer 9

transport lipids through blood plasma

Question 10

what are common lipid properties

Answer 10

nonpolar
hydrophobic

Question 11

where are lipoproteins produces

Answer 11

intestine and liver

Question 12

what is the job of lipoproteins

Answer 12

combine with lipids and transport them so that they can pass through the plasma membrane that is made up of 90% water

Question 13

What are the good task lipoproteins

Answer 13

• chylomicrons and HDLs

Question 14

what are the bad task lipoproteins

Answer 14

• VLDLs and LDLs

Question 15

chylomicrons

Answer 15

• transport dietary lipids to adipose tissue

Question 16

High density lipoproteins (HDLs)

Answer 16

remove excess cholesterol from cells and transport to liver for elimination - want HDLs high so that total cholesterol can be lowered faster

Question 17

very low density lipoproteins (VLDLs)

Answer 17

transport triglycerides from hepatocytes in the liver to adipocytes in fat
- anaerobic and want low/bad for heart

Question 18

low density lipoproteins (LDLs)

Answer 18

carry out 75% of bloods cholesterol and delivers it to cells
- AEROBIC- want to be low

Question 19

What do HDLs help solve

Answer 19

the problems that LDLs bring

Question 20

how do we produce ATP from lipids

Answer 20

OXIDATION only with oxygen present

Question 21

if the body does not need lipids where are they stored

Answer 21

adipose tissue

Question 22

Lipid CATABOLISM

Answer 22

AKA LIPOLYSIS
- the splitting of triglycerides into a glycerol backbone and 3 fatty acids

Question 23

what stimulates lipolysis

Answer 23

stress hormones- epeine, norepi, and cortisol

Question 24

what is step 1 of lipolysis

Answer 24

Triglyceride hydrolysis
- triglyceride spilt into 3 fatty acids and glycerol

Question 25

what is the resulting glycerol from lipolysis used for?

Answer 25

gluconeogenesis to make glucose

Question 26

what are the resulting fatty acids used for after lipolysis

Answer 26

the fatty acids lose 2 carbons at a time and those carbons go though beta oxidation

Question 27

what is step 2 of lipolysis

Answer 27

beta oxidation

Question 28

beta oxidation

Answer 28

two carbons from the fatty acids from triglyceride hydrolysis attach to a co enzyme A to form Acetyl CoA-- this is then used to power the Krebs Cycle

Question 29

What does the krebs cycle produce

Answer 29

- ATP - NADH + H+ - FADH2

Question 30

Lipid Anabolism

Answer 30

aka lipogenesis - synthesis of lipids from glucose or amino acids

Question 31

what stimulate lipogenesis

Answer 31

INSULIN - takes sugar out the blood stream and delivers it to cells to decrease blood pressure

Question 32

In what real world scenario would lipogenesis occur?

Answer 32

when people take in more calories than needed

Question 33

Characteristics of lipid metabolism

Answer 33

- slow - high ATP yield - oxygen dependent

Question 34

Regulation of lipid metabolism

Answer 34

high amounts of Acetyl CoA or NADH + H+ INHIBITS/DECREASES the rate of BETA OXIDATION

Question 35

Ketone bodies

Answer 35

alternate source of energy - result of lipolysis

Question 36

When there is too much acetyl coa produced, where is it stored

Answer 36

ketone bodies

Question 37

How does acetyl coa convert inorder to give ketone bodies the energy they need in order to be considered an alternate energy source

Answer 37

- 2 acetyl coa molecules combine to form acetoacetic acid - this is then converted to beta hydroxybutyric acid and acetone

Question 38

What organs prefer to use acetoacetic acid as a source of energy, ATP? why?

Answer 38

heart and kidney - pulls down the blood pH

Question 39

where does ketogenesis occur

Answer 39

liver cells

Question 40

what is the common state of blood ketone levels

Answer 40

very low

Question 41

ketoacidosis

Answer 41

high ketone levels resulting in a very very low blood pH

Question 42

When fast/starving and on a low fat/high carb diet what is the result

Answer 42

excess beta oxidation and ketone production