Unit 3-organelles

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

• holds DNA
• control center of the cell
• has small pores to allow RNA out

Question 2

Cell membrane parts

Answer 2

• Phospholipids
• integral proteins
• cholesterol
• glycoproteins/glycolipids

Question 3

Simple diffusion

Answer 3

Small not polar molecules are able to go through the cell membrane without help

Question 4

Nucleolus

Answer 4

• Inside the nucleus

- produces ribosomes

Question 5

Rough ER

Answer 5

• System of internal membranes within the cytoplasm.
• Membranes are rough due to the presence of ribosomes.
• transportsproteins within the cytoplasm

Question 6

Smooth ER

Answer 6

• produces lipids to repair the cell membrane
• detoxes
• regulates calcium

Question 7

Golgi apparatus

Answer 7

• packages protein in vacuoles for transport out of the cell

- like UPS

Question 8

Ribosome

Answer 8

• produced in the nucleolus

- produces protein

Question 9

Lysosome

Answer 9

Organelle filled with enzymes to help break down waste products

Question 10

Mitochondria

Answer 10

• highly folded double membrane
• makes ATP
• matrix is the center fluid
• takes in glucose and oxygen to produce CO2, ATP, and H2O

Question 11

Free ribosomes

Answer 11

Located around the cell to make protein for their specific locations

Question 12

Bound ribosomes

Answer 12

• Ribosomes connected to the rough ER

- makes proteins for the membrane and to be shipped out of the cell

Question 13

Chloroplast

Answer 13

• Contains a double membrane
• has stacks of thylakoids for absorbing light energy
• site of photosynthesis; takes in CO2 and H20 to make glucose and oxygen

Question 14

thylakoids

Answer 14

• Located in the chloroplast

- absorbed sunlight

Question 15

Granum

Answer 15

Stacks of thylakoids

Question 16

Stroma

Answer 16

Fluid in the chloroplast

Question 17

Vacuole

Answer 17

• Storage for the cell

- water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

Question 18

What can pass through the cell membrane

Answer 18

Small non-polar molecules

Question 19

Concentration gradient

Answer 19

Molecules going from high to low concentration

Question 20

Down concentration gradient

Answer 20

• High to low concentration

- Energy not required

Question 21

Up the concentration gradient

Answer 21

• low to high concentration

- requires energy

Question 22

Fluid mosaic model

Answer 22

Membrane is made of many moving parts

Question 23

What helps membrane fluidity

Answer 23

• kinked phospholipids

- cholesterol

Question 24

Passive transport

Answer 24

• diffusion
• high concentration to low concentration
• does not require energy

Question 25

2 types of diffusion

Answer 25

- Simple diffusion | - Facilitated diffusion

Question 26

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 26

- high to low diffusion | - goes through integral protein

Question 27

Osmosis

Answer 27

- diffusion of water | - water goes through aquaporin

Question 28

Aquaporin

Answer 28

Channel for that water moves through

Question 29

True or false: Water follows solute

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Hypertonic

Answer 30

- A solution with a higher level of solute than the cell within it - the cell will shrink

Question 31

Hypotonic

Answer 31

- a solution has a lower level of solute than the cell within it - cell will grow

Question 32

Isotonic

Answer 32

- a solution has the same level of solute as the cell within it - cell will stay the same size

Question 33

Water potential

Answer 33

Water will flow from high water potential to low water potential Ex. -20.1

Question 34

Active transport

Answer 34

- Requires energy - low to high concentration - uses pumps

Question 35

Endocyrosis

Answer 35

- bringing a large amount of molecules into the cell | - requires energy

Question 36

Enzymes

Answer 36

- have a specific shape for a specific function - active site bonds to substrate - active site shape matches substrate shape - enzymes lower activation energy and speed up chemical reactions

Question 37

pH effects on enzymes

Answer 37

Phs too high or low denatures enzymes

Question 38

Temperature effects on enzymes

Answer 38

- Temps too low slow enzymes | - temps too high denature enzymes

Question 39

How do ions and large molecules get into the cell

Answer 39

Through integral proteins

Question 40

Phospholipids

Answer 40

- hydrophilic heads | - hydrophobic tails

Question 41

Parts of integral proteins

Answer 41

- tops and insides the interact with the outside of the cell are hydrophilic - outsides that interact with the phospholipid tails are hydrophobic

Question 42

Cotransports

Answer 42

- two molecules moving through a transport protein together | - one molecule is needed for the other to pass through

Question 43

Channel protein

Answer 43

Acts as a tunnel that the molecule travels through

Question 44

Carrier protein

Answer 44

- Changes shape to push the molecule through | - kind of like an elevator

Question 45

Glycolipids

Answer 45

- specific to the organism | - allows our body to tell what belongs and what doesn’t

Question 46

Competitive enzyme inhibition

Answer 46

A chemical inhibitor that bonds with the active site preventing the substrate from fitting

Question 47

Allosteric inhibition

Answer 47

Inhibitor bond with the allosteric site to either block or change the shape of the active site

Question 48

Feedback inhibition

Answer 48

Molecule alerts transport protein to stop producing more of it by blocking the channel

Question 49

Can ions get through the membrane without help

Answer 49

No