Unit 4-Cell Respiration and Photosynthesis

Question 1

Where does glycolysis occur

Answer 1

Cytoplasm/cytosol

Question 2

Where does the krebs cycle occur

Answer 2

Matrix

Question 3

Where does the electron transport chain occur

Answer 3

Mitochondria

Question 4

Main products of glycolysis

Answer 4

NADH, 2 ATP

Question 5

Main products of Krebs cycle

Answer 5

NADH, FADH2, 2 ATP

Question 6

Main products of ETC

Answer 6

ATP, H2O

Question 7

Flow of carbon during cell resp.

Answer 7

Glycolysis—>pyruvate—>AcetylCoA—>CO2

Question 8

Main products of the light reactions

Answer 8

O2, ATP, NADPH

Question 9

Where does the Calvin cycle occur

Answer 9

Stroma

Question 10

Product of Calvin cycle

Answer 10

Glucose

Question 11

Reduction

Answer 11

Gains electrons

Question 12

How does the level of H+ effect the Ph

Answer 12

The higher the H+ concentration the higher the acidity/lower the Ph

Question 13

Flow of electrons in glycolysis

Answer 13

CO2
|
Glucose—>pyruvate—>AcetylCoA—>NADH
| | FADH2
2 NADH 2 NADH

All NADH and FADH2 ends glycolysis by attaching to oxygen to form water

Question 14

Flow of electrons in photosynthesis

Answer 14

H+/e- —>chlorophyll—>NADPH—>glucose

Question 15

Where does photosynthesis ETC occur

Answer 15

Thylokoid membrane

Question 16

Where do the light reactions occur

Answer 16

In thylokoids

Question 17

Aerobic respiration

Answer 17

Has O2

Question 18

Oxidation

Answer 18

Loss of electrons

Question 19

Glycolysis

Answer 19

Breaking down of glucose

Question 20

Pyruvate

Answer 20

End product of glycolysis(3 carbons)

Question 21

AcetylCoA

Answer 21

• 2 carbons
• produced during the link reaction(oxidation of pyruvate)
• molecule that enters the krebs cycle

Question 22

How many times does the krebs cycle turn

Answer 22

-1 per AcetylCoA(2 per glucose molecule)

Question 23

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 23

Without O2

Question 24

Electron transport chain(ETC)

Answer 24

• also known as oxidative phosphorylation
• Produces the majority of the ATP
• requires oxygen

Question 25

Chemiosmosis

Answer 25

The pumping of hydrogens from the matrix to the inner membrane

Question 26

Substrate level phosphorylation

Answer 26

Process of turning ADP into ATP in glycolysis

Question 27

ATP synthase

Answer 27

- Produces the ATP | - powered by H+ flowing through it

Question 28

Thylokoids

Answer 28

Where light reactions occur

Question 29

Stroma

Answer 29

Inner liquid of thylokoids

Question 30

Chlorphyll

Answer 30

Pigment that causes plants to be green

Question 31

Photo system 2

Answer 31

Place where light hits electrons first and excites them

Question 32

Light reactions

Answer 32

Part of photosynthesis, dependant on light

Question 33

Calvin cycle

Answer 33

Part of photosynthesis, not dependant on light

Question 34

Photosystem 1

Answer 34

- Spot where light hits electrons twice and excites them | - electrons create NADPH in the stroma

Question 35

G3P

Answer 35

A 3 carbon molecule with 2 phosphates attached

Question 36

Primary electron acceptor

Answer 36

Oxygen

Question 37

RuBP

Answer 37

“Fixes CO2 at the beginning of the Calvin cycle

Question 38

Steps of Calvin cycle

Answer 38

1. Carbon fixation 2. Reduction phase 3. Regeneration phase

Question 39

Carbondioxide fixation

Answer 39

3 CO2 are bonded with RuBP by rubisco which “fixes” CO2 which allows it to be used

Question 40

Rubisco

Answer 40

Plant molecule

Question 41

Reduction phase

Answer 41

- ATP and NADPH donate energy and hydrogen which attach to CO2. - ATP--->ADP+P1, NADPH--->NADP - Each turn of the Calvin cycle makes 1 G3P - After 2 turns the G3P combine to make glucose

Question 42

Regeneration phase

Answer 42

Cell regenerates RuBP to restart the Calvin cycle

Question 43

Photosynthesis equation

Answer 43

Sunlight | H2O+CO2------------>C6H12O6+O2

Question 44

Catabolic reactions

Answer 44

- release energy - breaks stiff down - exergonic reaction

Question 45

Equation for glycolysis

Answer 45

C6H12O6+O2----->CO2+H2O+ATP

Question 46

Where does the link reaction occur

Answer 46

Inner membrane space

Question 47

How is ATP created in glycolysis

Answer 47

Substrate level phosphorylation

Question 48

Anabolic reactions

Answer 48

- energy is input - uses energy to build stuff - endergonic reaction

Question 49

Where are the proteins of the ETC located

Answer 49

Mitochondrial inner membrane

Question 50

Energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump H+ into which location

Answer 50

Mitochondrial inner membrane space

Question 51

The carbons present in glucose are converted to what after glycolysis

Answer 51

Pyruvate

Question 52

Light reaction steps

Answer 52

1. Hydrogen and electrons are released from water 2. sunlight hits chlorophyll in PS2 and excites electrons 3. The electrons flow through the thylakoid membrane to produce the energy to pump the H+ into the lumin 4. H+ diffuses through the ATP synthase and into the stroma. ATP synthase produces ATP 5. Sunlight hits PS1 causing the electrons to attach to H+ and NADP to make NADPH in the stroma

Question 53

How to calculate the rate of reaction

Answer 53

Change in dependant variable divided by time

Question 54

Photon

Answer 54

Light

Question 55

Heterotroph

Answer 55

Has to consume food for energy | Ex. Humans

Question 56

Autotroph

Answer 56

Can make it's own energy

Question 57

Photoautotroph

Answer 57

Makes it's own energy through the sun | Ex. Plants

Question 58

Fermentation

Answer 58

Allows for cell to go through glycolysis by regenerating the NAD+. Done when there is no oxygen

Question 59

Lactic acid fermentation

Answer 59

What humans do