Unit 4/5 Vocab Words

Question 1

Autosomal

Answer 1

Not connected to a sex chromosome(inherited same way regardless of sex of parent or offspring)

Question 2

Cancer

Answer 2

rapidly or controlled cell growth

Question 3

Cell cycle

Answer 3

Process of which a cell grows(G0, S, G2, M)

Question 4

Centrioles

Answer 4

produce spindle finers

Question 5

Chromosomes

Answer 5

Contains genetic information(46 in humans)

Question 6

Codominance

Answer 6

two traits share dominance(EX. AB blood type)

Question 7

Crossing over

Answer 7

Chromosomes swapping DNA during meiosis

Question 8

Crossover frequency

Answer 8

How often specific genes recombine with other genes

Question 9

Cyclin dependent kinase

Answer 9

Regulate cell cycle

Question 10

Cytokinesis

Answer 10

Separation of two daughter cells

Question 11

Diploid

Answer 11

Contains 2 complete sets of chromosomes

Question 12

Dominant

Answer 12

will show if present in genes

Question 13

F1 generation

Answer 13

first generation after crossing 2 homozygous traits

Question 14

F2 generation

Answer 14

generation that comes from crossing the F1 generation

Question 15

Fertilization

Answer 15

Two gametes combining

Question 16

Gametes

Answer 16

sex cells

Question 17

Genotype

Answer 17

how your gene is (Ex. AA, Aa, as)

Question 18

Haploid

Answer 18

having half the number of chromosomes(Ex. Sex cells)

Question 19

Heterozygous

Answer 19

Dominant and recessive gene present

Question 20

Incomplete dominance

Answer 20

One allele is not fully expressed over the other and phenotype is a combination of the two(Ex. Red+white=pink)

Question 21

Independent assortment

Answer 21

chromosomes can line up in any order during metaphase

Question 22

Homologous chromosome

Answer 22

Matching chromosomes from mom and dad pairing up

Question 23

Interphase

Answer 23

Where cell spends most of it’s life(G1, S, G2)

Question 24

Mieosis

Answer 24

creation of sex cells(creates 4 genetically different gametes)

Question 25

Metaphase

Answer 25

chromosomes line up in center of cell

Question 26

Nuclear division

Answer 26

Division of the nucleus

Question 27

Mitosis

Answer 27

cell division(creates 2 identical daughter cells)

Question 28

Recombination

Answer 28

Swapping DNA from one chromosome to another bc of crossing over

Question 29

Segregation

Answer 29

Pairs of gene variants are operated into different cells

Question 30

Somatic cell

Answer 30

Regular body cells(not sex cells)

Question 31

Synapsis

Answer 31

Fusion of chromosomes at the start of mieosis

Question 32

Synthesis

Answer 32

S-phase(duplication of DNA)

Question 33

Telophase

Answer 33

Chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nucleus are formed

Question 34

Sex chromosomes

Answer 34

determines sex(X and Y)

Question 35

Sex linked

Answer 35

Genes carried on sex chromosomes(often on the X chromosome in humans)

Question 36

Amino acid

Answer 36

form to build proteins

Question 37

Anticodon

Answer 37

Sequence of 3 nucleotides in tRNA that correspond with nucleotides in the mRNA

Question 38

Base pairing rules

Answer 38

A-T, G-C

Question 39

Coding strand

Answer 39

strand of DNA that is identical to RNA that is being transcribed

Question 40

Codon

Answer 40

group of 3 nucleotides(A, T, C, G)

Question 41

DNA

Answer 41

double helix | Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 42

DNA polymerase

Answer 42

Adds nucleotides to strand(starts of 3’ end and creates new strand from 5’-3’

Question 43

DNA replication

Answer 43

Producing to identical copies of a strand of DNA

Question 44

Exons

Answer 44

Coding sections of the DNA

Question 45

Genetic code

Answer 45

Sequence of codes(codons) that refer to a specific amino acid

Question 46

Helicase

Answer 46

unzips DNA

Question 47

Inducable genes

Answer 47

usually off and can be turned on

Question 48

Introns

Answer 48

non-coding sections of DNA

Question 49

Lagging strand

Answer 49

strand being duplicated backward to the helicase(duplicated in segments)

Question 50

Leading strand

Answer 50

duplicated continuously

Question 51

Micro RNA

Answer 51

Non-coding RNA, regulates gene expression

Question 52

Mutation

Answer 52

Changing the structure of a gene

Question 53

Nucleic acids

Answer 53

Store genetic information

Question 54

Nucleotides

Answer 54

Form basic structure of DNA

Question 55

Okazaki fragmaents

Answer 55

fragments of duplicated DNA on lagging strand

Question 56

Replication fork

Answer 56

Created when helicase unzips DNA

Question 57

Protein

Answer 57

amino acids form from genetic coding | 4 levels of structure(primary, secondary, tertiary, quarternary)

Question 58

Repressor

Answer 58

turned a gene of(stops it from being codes)

Question 59

MRNA

Answer 59

messenger RNA, RNA sequence that corresponds to a specific DNA sequence

Question 60

tRNA

Answer 60

transport RNA, adaptor molecule that links amino acids together based on the mRNA

Question 61

rRNA

Answer 61

Ribosomal RNA, non-coding, carries out protein synthesis in ribosomes

Question 62

Start codon

Answer 62

MET, where the DNA coding starts

Question 63

Stop codon

Answer 63

let's the cell know to stop coding the DNA

Question 64

Transcription

Answer 64

DNA to RNA

Question 65

Transcription factors

Answer 65

Molecules that signal where to begin transcription

Question 66

Translation

Answer 66

RNA to amino acids