unit 3 quiz

Question 1

what are the 4 parts of the of the cell membrane?

Answer 1

phospholipids, proteins, carbonhydrates, cholesterol

Question 1

what are the two different parts of phospholipids and what is their function?

Answer 1

phospholipids are the main part of the cell membrane
the two parts are the hydrophilic (polar) head (contains phosphate, attracted to water molecules) and the hydrophobic (nonpolar) tail (contains fatty acids, repelled by water molecules)

*diagram in notes packet

Question 2

what do the proteins in a cell membrane do?

Answer 2

help transport materials in and out of the cell

*diagram in notes packet

Question 3

what do the carbonhydrates do in the cell membrane?

Answer 3

signal and identify particles outside the cell (similar to antenna)

*diagram in notes packet

Question 4

what does the cholesterol in the cell membrane do?

Answer 4

keeps membrane fluid, prevents lipids tails from sticking together

*diagram in notes packet

Question 6

what are the two main functions of the cell membrane?

Answer 6

boundary (cell can move around and change shape)
maintains homeostasis (transport materials in and out of the cell easily)

Question 7

what enters the cell through the cell membrane?

Answer 7

food, water, oxygen

Question 8

what leaves the cell through the cell membrane?

Answer 8

waste products, carbon dioxide

Question 9

what is passive transport?

Answer 9

molecules move from high to low concentrations (spread out), along the concentration gradient, does NOT require energy, ex. spraying cologne inside

*remember high to low, “go with the flow”

Question 10

what is active transport?

Answer 10

molecules move from low to high concentration, against the concentration gradient, requires energy, ex. sucking the cologne back into the container

*remember low to high, you gotta try

Question 11

what does are body store energy as?

Answer 11

carbohydrates and lipids

Question 12

is most of the chemical energy in our bodies immediately available to cells or not?

Answer 12

it is not

Question 13

what is ATP?

Answer 13

a molecules that provides usable energy for cells (to do chemical reactions)

Question 14

what does the “A” in ATP stand for?

Answer 14

adenosine

Question 15

what does the “T” in ATP stand for?

Answer 15

tri (3)

Question 16

what does the “P” in ATP stand for?

Answer 16

phosphate

Question 17

how many phosphate groups are present in one ATP molecule?

Answer 17

3

Question 18

where is energy in the ATP stored?

Answer 18

in the bonds between the phosphates

*look at the molecule in notes packet carefully!

Question 19

where is ATP made?

Answer 19

in the mitochondria

Question 20

what is concentration gradient?

Answer 20

the difference of the amount of a substance in two different areas

Question 20

what is concentration?

Answer 20

the amount of something in a defined amount of space

Question 21

what is equilibrium?

Answer 21

the concentration of a substance is equal throughout a space

*look at diagram in notes packet!

Question 22

what are the three types of passive transport?

Answer 22

simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis (water)

Question 23

what is simple diffusion?

Answer 23

when molecules move directly through the membrane (high to low) until they reach equilibrium

Question 24

what is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 24

when molecules use a protein channel to cross the plasma membrane (high to low)

Question 25

what is osmosis (water)?

Answer 25

the movement of water molecules (high to low)

Question 26

what are the three different types of active transport?

Answer 26

endocytosis, exocytosis, protein pump

Question 27

what is endocytosis?

Answer 27

brings large particles INSIDE the cell (ex. proteins, sugars, starch)

Question 28

what is exocytosis?

Answer 28

takes waste (large molecules) OUT of the cell (ex. CO2, waste)

Question 29

what is pragocytosis?

Answer 29

cell "eating"

Question 30

what is pinocytosis?

Answer 30

cell "drinking"

Question 31

what is it when active transport is protein pump?

Answer 31

large molecules moving against the concentration gradient (LOW TO HIGH), requires ATP (energy)

Question 32

what is the plasma membrane?

Answer 32

the membrane found in all cells that separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment

Question 33

what is the definition of polar?

Question 34

what is the definition of nonpolar?

Question 35

what is hydrophilic?

Answer 35

attracted to water

Question 36

what is hydrophobic?

Answer 36

repelled by water

Question 37

what is metabolism?

Answer 37

all of the chemical reactions in an organism (we use chemical reactions to get the energy we need to live)

Question 38

what is homeostasis?

Answer 38

maintaining or keeping balance inside an organism