unit 7 - quiz 1

Question 1

Gregor Mendel

Answer 1

Does genetic experiment with pea plants in the 1860s

Question 2

Oswald Avery

Answer 2

Finds that DNA is genetic material in 1944

Question 3

Erwin Chargraff

Answer 3

Finds that A pairs with T and G pairs with C in 1949

Question 4

Hershey and Chase

Answer 4

Confirmed that DNA is genetic material in 1952

Question 5

Wilkins and Franklin

Answer 5

Took pictures of DNA to show it was a double helix in 1953

Question 6

Watson and Crick

Answer 6

Made the first model of DNA in 1953, winning them the noble prize in 1962

Question 7

What happened to the knowledge of DNA in 2003?

Answer 7

Completion of Human Genome Project

Question 8

What is the function of DNA?

Answer 8

DNA stores genetic info used to make proteins

Question 9

How does DNA store genetic information?

Answer 9

DNA codes for proteins in the sequence (order) of nucleotides in its structure

Question 10

Where is DNA found in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 10

In the cytoplasm

Question 11

Where is DNA found in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 11

In the nucleus

Question 12

What are the two forms of DNA?

Answer 12

Chromosomes and chromatin

Question 13

What does “DNA” stand for?

Answer 13

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 14

DNA is a type of organic compound called a ________ ______.

Answer 14

Nucleic acid

Question 15

What are the monomers of DNA called?

Answer 15

Nucleotides

Question 16

What are the 3 parts of nucleotides?

Answer 16

Phosphate
Sugar
Nitrogen base (one)

Question 17

What are the 4 types of nitrogen bases?

Answer 17

Adenine
Cytosine
Guanine
Thymine

Question 18

What are purines?

Answer 18

Base consisting of 2 nitrogen-containing rings

Question 19

What are some examples of purines?

Answer 19

Adenine and Guanine

Question 20

What are pyrimidines?

Answer 20

Base consisting of 1 nitrogen containing rings

Question 21

What are some examples of pyrimidines?

Answer 21

Thymine and Cytosine

Question 22

What pairs with adenine?

Answer 22

Thymine

Question 23

What pairs with guanine?

Answer 23

Cytosine

Question 24

What is the shape of DNA?

Answer 24

Double helix or twisted ladder, made up of 2 complementary stands (a-t, c-g) that are antiparallel (parallel but moving in opposite directions)

Question 25

What are hydrogen bonds?

Answer 25

Form between bases, holds 2 strands together

Question 26

How many hydrogen bonds are there between adenine and thymine?

Answer 26

2

Question 27

how many hydrogen bonds are there between cytosine and guanine?

Answer 27

3

Question 28

What is the goal of DNA replication?

Answer 28

To create 2 identical molecules of DNA (occurs in the S phase of interphase)

Question 29

What is the meaning of semi conservative replication?

Answer 29

Each new DNA molecule has ONE old strand and ONE new strand

Question 30

What is the first stage of DNA replication?

Answer 30

Helicase (enzyme) unwinds and unzips the DNA double helix by breaking down the hydrogen bonds

Question 31

What is the second stage of DNA replication?

Answer 31

DNA polymerase brings complementary DNA molecules to bond with nucleotides on the original DNA strand (both leading and lagging)

Question 32

What is the third stage of DNA replication?

Answer 32

Ligase seals the DNA fragments - the result of two identical DNA molecules

Question 33

What are okazaki fragments?

Answer 33

Small sections of DNA that are formed during discontinuous synthesis of the lagging strand during DNA replication

Question 34

What is the replication fork?

Answer 34

The area where the replication of DNA will actually take place

Question 35

What is the leading stand in DNA replication?

Answer 35

The parent strand of DNA which runs in the 3' to 5' direction toward the fork

Question 36

What is the lagging stand in DNA replication?

Answer 36

New DNA is made by enzymes called DNA polymerases, which require a template and a primer (starter) and synthesize DNA in the 5' to 3' direction

Question 37

What is continuous replication?

Answer 37

Immediate replication on the leading strand

Question 38

What is discontinuous replication?

Answer 38

The synthesis of a new strand of a replicating DNA molecule as a series of short fragments that are subsequently joined together on the lagging strand

Question 39

What are RNA primers?

Answer 39

An RNA primer is a short segment of single-stranded RNA used as a binding site for DNA polymerase to initiate DNA replication