Unit 4

Question 1

Double arrow sign, means it reaches the balanced point or

Answer 1

equilbrium

Question 2

the state of a chemical reaction in which its forward and reverse reactions occur at the equal rates so that the concentrations of the reactants and products dont have the net change over time

Answer 2

chemical equilbrium

Question 3

an equilbrium of the moving system while forwards and reverse chemical reactions still keep going

Answer 3

Dynamic equilbrium

Question 4

states that for a reversible reaction at equilibrium, the ratio of concentrations of products vs. reactants is a constant K

Answer 4

Law of mass action

Question 5

At equilbrium point, the mass action expression is called

Answer 5

equilbrium constant (K).

Question 6

At non-equilbrium point, the mass action expression is called

Answer 6

quotient (Q)

Question 7

chemical compounds involved are just in one phase

Answer 7

homogeneous equilbrium

Question 8

chemical compounds involved are in two or more phases

Answer 8

heterogeneous equilbrium

Question 9

List out the concentrations at Initial and Equilibrium points through the counting of concentration Change

Answer 9

ICE approach

Question 10

Material decreases in one side of equilbrium will cause corresponding material increase on the other side according to mole ratio

Answer 10

Analysis of material balance

Question 11

If a system at equilibrium is disturbed by a change in temp, pressure or the concentration of one of the components, the system tends to adjust to a new equilbrium that could counteract (or adapt to) the change imposed (with minimum amount of effort)

Answer 11

Le Chatelier’s Principle

Question 12

is a substance that dissolves in water to increase the concentration of H

Answer 12

acid

Question 13

is a substance that dissolves in water to increase the concentration of OH

Answer 13

base

Question 14

is a substance that donates a proton H to a base

Answer 14

acid

Question 15

is a substance that acccepts proton H from an acid

Answer 15

base

Question 16

allows acid-base reactions to occur more than just aqueous solutions

Answer 16

Bronsted-Lowry

Question 17

For a substance to be a proton acceptor, it must have an unshared pair of elections

Answer 17

Lewis

Question 18

The concentration of hydrogen ions in aqueous solutions is expressed as

Answer 18

pH

Question 19

N2(g) + 3H2(g) –> 2NH3(g)

Answer 19

Haber process

Question 20

is found by substituting reactant and product concentrations or partial pressures at any point during a reaction into the equilbrium-constant expression.

Answer 20

reactant quotient (Q)

Question 21

if often used to represent the predominant for of H+ in water instead of the simpler H+ (aq)

Answer 21

hydronium ion (H30+)

Question 22

is a substance that donates a proton to another substance

Answer 22

Bronsted-Lowry acid

Question 23

is a substance that accepts a proton from another substance

Answer 23

Bronsted-Lowry base

Question 24

one that can function as either a Broasted-Lowry acid or base, depending on the substance with which it reacts

Answer 24

amphiprotic

Question 25

formed by removing a proton from the acid

Answer 25

Conjugate base

Question 26

formed by adding a proton to the base

Answer 26

Conjugate acid

Question 27

only differ in the presence or absence of a proton are called

Answer 27

conjugate acid-base pair

Question 28

one water molecule can donate a proton to another water molecule

Answer 28

autoionization

Question 29

have more than one ionizable proton

Answer 29

Polyprotic acids

Question 30

the anions of weak acids

Answer 30

amines

Question 31

Kb The extent to which a weak base reacts with water to generate the corresponding conjugate acid and OH- is measured by the

Answer 31

base-dissociation constant

Question 32

The reaction of ions with water, with a resultant chance in pH is called

Answer 32

hydrolysis

Question 33

the same number of OH groups and the same number of O atoms, acid strength increases with increasing electronegativity of the central atom

Answer 33

oxyacids

Question 34

are organic acids containing the COOH group, are the most important class of organic acids

Answer 34

Carboxylic acids

Question 35

is an electron-pair accepts

Answer 35

Lewis acid

Question 36

is an electron-pair donor

Answer 36

Lewis base

Question 37

adding or removing a reactant or product

Answer 37

concentration

Question 38

changing the pressure by changing the volume

Answer 38

pressure

Question 39

for a neutral solution

Answer 39

pH=7

Question 40

for an acidic solution

Answer 40

pH<7

Question 41

for a basic solution

Answer 41

pH>7

Question 42

7 strong acids

Answer 42

``` HClO4 HCl HClO3 HBr HNO3 HI H2SO4 ```

Question 43

8 strong bases

Answer 43

``` LiOH NaOH KOH Ca(OH)2 RbOH Sr(OH)2 CsOH Ba(OH)2 ```

Question 44

Kw to denote the equilibrium constant. 1.0*10^-14

Answer 44

ion-product constant

Question 45

Ka is an equilibrium constant for the ionization of an acid

Answer 45

acid-dissociation constant