Unit 5

Question 1

the thermodynamic path the system takes from the initial state to the final state, irreversible

Answer 1

spontaneous

Question 2

both the system and its surroundsings can be restored to their original state by exactly reversing the change

Answer 2

reversible process

Question 3

the system cannot return to it original state without there being a permanent change in the surroundings

Answer 3

irreversible process

Question 4

a process that occurs at a constant temperature

Answer 4

isothermal

Question 5

The spontaneous nature of processes is related to a thermodynamic state function called

Answer 5

entropy

Question 6

governs the change in the entropy of the universe. states that in a reversible process Suniv=0, in an irreversible (spontaneous) process Suniv>0

Answer 6

second law of thermodynamics

Question 7

A particular combination of motions and locations of the atoms and molecules of a system at a particular instant is called

Answer 7

microstate

Question 8

the entire molecule moves in space

Answer 8

translational motion

Question 9

the atoms of the molecule move toward and away from one another in periodic fashion

Answer 9

vibrational motion

Question 10

the entire molecule spins like a top

Answer 10

rotational motion

Question 11

the entropy of a pure crystalline sold at 0 K is zero

Answer 11

third law of thermodynamics

Question 12

Under standard conditions the entropy of a mole of a substance is called its

Answer 12

standard molar entropy

Question 13

is a thermodynamic state function that combines the two state functions enthalpy and entopy

Answer 13

Gibbs free energy or free energy

Question 14

are defined in a fashion analogous to standard enthalpies of formation

Answer 14

standard free energies of formation

Question 15

the branch of chemistry that relates electricity and chemical reactions

Answer 15

electrochemistry

Question 16

causes the reduction of some other substance

Answer 16

reducing agent or reductant

Question 17

causes the oxidation of some other substance

Answer 17

oxidizing agent or oxidant

Question 18

is a balanced chemical equation that includes electrons

Answer 18

half-reactions

Question 19

uses a spontaneous oxidation-reduction reaction to generate electricity

Answer 19

voltaic or galvanic cell

Question 20

the electrode where oxidation occurs is called

Answer 20

anode

Question 21

reduction occurs at the

Answer 21

cathode

Question 22

moves the electrons from the anode to the cathose through the external circuit

Answer 22

electromotive force (emf)

Question 23

Ecell measured in volts

Answer 23

cell potential

Question 24

the cell potential under standard conditions is called

Answer 24

standard emf or standard cell potential

Question 25

the quantity of electrical charge on one mole of electrons (96485)

Answer 25

Faradays constant

Question 26

relates the emf under nonstandard conditions to the standard emf and the reaction quotient Q

Answer 26

nernet equation

Question 27

is a voltaic cell in which the same half-reaction occurs at both the anode and cathode but with different concentrations of reactants in each half-cell

Answer 27

concentration cell