Unit 6

Question 1

energy needed to separate an ionic lattice into gaseous ions

Answer 1

lattice energy

Question 2

thermochemical cycle in which we use Hess’s law to calculate the lattice energy as the sum of several steps in the formation of ionic compound

Answer 2

Born-Haber cycle

Question 3

describes the bonding in molecules

Answer 3

resonance structures

Question 4

The three-dimensional shapes and sizes of molecules are determined by their

Answer 4

bond angles

Question 5

rationalizes molecular geometries based on the repulsions between electron domains

Answer 5

valence-shell electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) model

Question 6

are regions about a central atom in which electrons are likely to be found

Answer 6

electron domains

Question 7

are those involved in making bonds

Answer 7

bonding pairs

Question 8

create electron domains around an atom

Answer 8

nonboding pairs/lone pairs

Question 9

the arrangement of electron domains around a central atom

Answer 9

electron-domain geometry

Question 10

arrangement of atoms

Answer 10

molecular geometry

Question 11

the dipole moment of polyatomic molecule depends on the vector sum of the dipole moments associated with the individual bonds called the

Answer 11

bond dipoles

Question 12

covalent bonds are formed when atomic orbitals on neighboring atoms overlap one another

Answer 12

Valence-bond theory

Question 13

hybrid atomic orbitals that have a large lobe directed to overlap with orbitals on another atom to make a bond

Answer 13

hybridization

Question 14

covalent bonds in which the elctron density lies along the line connecting the atoms

Answer 14

sigma bonds

Question 15

formed from the sideways overlap of p orbitals

Answer 15

pi bond

Question 16

pi bonds are spread among several atoms

Answer 16

delocalized

Question 17

model used to describe the bonding in molecules

Answer 17

molecular orbital theory

Question 18

the electrons exist in allowed energy states called

Answer 18

molecular orbitals (MOs)

Question 19

The lower-energy MO concentrates charge density in the region between the nuclei

Answer 19

bonding molecular orbital

Question 20

The higher-energy MO excludes electrons from the region between the nuclei

Answer 20

antibonding molecular orbital

Question 21

The bonding and antibodning MOs formed by the combo of s orbitals

Answer 21

sigma molecular orbitals

Question 22

the combo of atomic orbitals and the relative energies of the molecular orbitals are show by an

Answer 22

energy-level diagram

Question 23

half the difference between the number of electrons in bonding MOs and the number of electrons in antibonding Mos

Answer 23

bond order

Question 24

occur as a pair of degenerate (same energy) bonding MOs and a pair of degenerate antiboding MOs

Answer 24

pi molecular orbitals

Question 25

leads to attraction of a molecule into a manetic field due to the unfluence of unpaired electrons

Answer 25

paramagnetism

Question 26

molecules in which all the electrons are paired. leads to weak repulsion from a magnetic field

Answer 26

diamagnetism

Question 27

study of carbon compounds (typically compounds containing carbon-carbon bonds)

Answer 27

organic chemistry

Question 28

study of the chemistry of living organisms

Answer 28

bio-chemistry

Question 29

sites of reactivity

Answer 29

functional groups

Question 30

composed of only C-H and C-C single bonds

Answer 30

Alkanes

Question 31

contain one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds

Answer 31

Alkynes

Question 32

contain cyclic arrangements of carbon atoms bonded though both sigma and delocalized pie bonds.

Answer 32

Aromatic hydrocarbons

Question 33

two or more organic compounds have the same chemical compositions but different arrangements of atoms or structures

Answer 33

isomers

Question 34

branch off the chain, are specified by numbering along the carbon chain

Answer 34

alkyl groups

Question 35

alkanes with ring structures

Answer 35

cycloalkanes

Question 36

the bonds are the same, but the molecules have different geometries

Answer 36

geometric isomers

Question 37

Alkenes and alkynes readuly under go this to the carbon-carbon multiple bonds

Answer 37

addition reactions

Question 38

are easily accomplished in the presence of catalysts

Answer 38

substitution reactions

Question 39

are hydrocarbon derivatives containing one or more OH groups

Answer 39

Alcohols

Question 40

are formed by a condensation reaction of two molecules of alcohol

Answer 40

Ethers

Question 41

``` aldehydes ketones carboxylic acids esters amides ```

Answer 41

contain carbonyl group | C=O

Question 42

esters undergo this in the presence of strong bases

Answer 42

hydrolysis (saponification)

Question 43

molecules that possess nonsuperimposable mirror images are termed

Answer 43

chiral