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Microbioloy > Unit 4 lecture 16-20 > Flashcards

Unit 4 lecture 16-20 Flashcards

(127 cards)

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1
Q

Define infection

A

person ingests pathogen which enters GI tract and multiplies
- delay in symptoms with fever

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2
Q

4 mechanisms of GI tract illness

A
  • ingestion of food containing preformed toxins
  • bacteria enter GI tract and adhere to intestinal epithelial cells
  • ingestion of pathogen that adheres to and invades epithelial cells
  • Bacteria enter GI tract, pass through intestinal mucosa and become systemic
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3
Q

1.) ingestion of food containing preformed toxins
bacteria involved

A
  • staph aureus
  • bacillus cereus
  • clostridium botulism
  • clostridium perfringes
  • (food poisoning)
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4
Q

2.) adhere to epithelial cells
bacteria

A
  • enterobacteriaceae
  • vibrionceae
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5
Q

3.) adheres to and invades epithelial cells
bacteria involved

A
  • shigella
  • salmonella sps
  • Invasive E. coli
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6
Q

4.) pass through intestinal mucosa and become systemic

A
  • salmonella typhi
  • listeria monocytocogenes
  • yersinia enterocolitica
  • yersinia psuedotube
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7
Q

1.) Staph Aureus bacteria
- gram stain
- known for
- s/s
- disease process

A
  • gram + cocci
  • most common cause of food poisoning
  • resistant to environmental stress
  • severe diarrhea, no fever
  • produces enterotoxins that are very heat stable
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8
Q

1.) Bacillus cereus bacteria
- gram stain
- known for
- disease process
- s/s

A
  • gram + rods
  • spore forming
  • food contains endospores- produce 2 enterotoxins
  • diarrhea and vomiting
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9
Q

1.) Clostridium Botulinum bacteria
- gram stain
- known for
- disease process
- s/s

A
  • gram + rods
  • spire forming
  • produce neurotoxins, CNS, Paralysis
  • nausea, vomiting, hard to swallow, double vision, paralysis
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10
Q

1.) Clostridium prefringes
- gram stain
- known for
- s/s

A
  • gram + rods
  • spore forming
  • enterotoxins produced
  • a cute abdominal pain, diarrhea, no vomiting
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11
Q

which GI tract bacteria is most common cause of food poisoning

A

staph aureus

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12
Q

which GI tract bacteria form spores

A
  • bacillus cereus
  • clostridium botulinum
  • clostridium prefeinges
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13
Q

2.) Enterobacteriaceae family
- gram stain
- antigens
- virulence factors
- bacteria

A
  • gram - rods
  • O,H,K antigens
  • colonization/adherence, toxins causing fluid loss, invade epithelial cells
  • E. coli
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14
Q

O,H,K antigens meaning

A
  • O: outer LPS membrane
  • H: flageller antigens
  • K: capsular antigens
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15
Q

2.) Vibrionaceae family
- gram stain
- bacteria

A
  • curved gram (-) rods
  • vibriochlera
  • campylobacter
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16
Q

vibriochlera
transmission
s/s
toxin

A
  • dehydration and loss of electrolytes
  • severe watery diarrhea
  • decal oral route
  • waterborne
  • chloragenotoxin
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17
Q

Campylobacter

A

diarrhea

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18
Q

3.) shigella
- gram stain
- process
- spread
- s/s

A
  • gram - rod
  • shiga toxin secreted that inhibits protein synthesis and kills epithelial cells
  • contact with infected person
  • severe diarrhea with blood and mucus
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19
Q

define dysentery

A

severe diarrhea with blood and mucus

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20
Q

3.) Salmonella
- gram stain
- process
- s/s

A
  • gram - rod
  • bacteria invade intestinal lining
  • can become systemic
  • headache, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, fever
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21
Q

3.) Enteroinvasive E.coli
- gram stain
- process
- s/s

A
  • gram - rod
  • invade intestinal epithelial cells and produces toxins
  • inflammation, fever, diarrhea, abdominal pain, blood, mucus
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22
Q

4.) Salmonella Typhi
gram stain
process

A
  • gram - rod
  • enters blood and infects various tissues and organs
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23
Q

4.) Listeria Monocytogebes
gram satin
found
know

A
  • gram + rod
  • excreted in animal feces
  • dangerous for pregnant women and immunosuppressed
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24
Q

4.) Yersinia
gram stain
s/s
know

A
  • gram - rod
  • diarrhea, fever, headache
  • lymph node swelling: mocks appendicitis
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25
protozoa: Entamoeba histolyca - movement - spread - process - s/s
- pseudopods - fecal/oral: ingest contaminated food or water - cyst-trophozoite- toxins kill epithelial cells - lesions and severe dysentery
26
Cyst vs trophozoite form
27
protozoa: Balantidium coli movement shape spread s/s
- large, oval - cilia - fecal/oral: swine pigs - bloody diarrhea
28
protozoa: Giardia Lambila - movement causes spread s/s know
- flagella - frequent cause of waterborne diarrhea - ingest fecally contaminated food to water - abdominal pain, gas, nausea, diarrhea - resistant to chlorination
29
protozoa: toxoplasma gondii movement spread know
- non motile - undercooked meats and cats - dangerous for pregnant and immunosuppressed
30
protozoa: Cyrptosporidium parvum movement know spread
- non motile - not recognized until aids - dangerous for immunosuppressed - resistant to normal chlorination - ingest fecally contaminated food or water - lakes and streams commonly contaminated
31
Protozoas of GI
- entamoeba hsitolyca - balantidium coli - giardia lambilla - toxoplasma gondii - cryptosporidium parvam
32
viruses of GI
- local intestinal: norwalk and rotavirus - enter GI and become Systemic (enteroviruses) - polio - coxsackie - echovirus - Hep A, B, C, D, E
33
local: Norwalk like - dna or rna - s/s - also known as
- SsRNA - sudden severe nausea and vomiting - winter vomiting disease
34
local: Rotavirus - dna or rna - s/s - know
- RNA - fever, diarrhea, vomiting - can be fatal for infants bc of loss of fluids/shock
35
systemic: Enteroviruses
- fecal oral route - human only host - common in warm weather - 30 mil non polio cases/year
36
Systemic: Polio dna or rna child v adult severe consequence spread vaccine
- RNA - mild in children, severe as adult - paralysis 0.1% - fecal oral route: human-human - salk: formalin killed - sabin: live attenuated
37
disease process of polio
- ingested - infects GI tract - invade tonsils/lymph nodes - invade blood then meninges - CNS
38
systemic: Coxsackie dna or rna also known as vaccine
- RNA - hand/foot/mouth disease - no vaccine or medications
39
systemic: Echovirus dna or rna also known as
- RNA - Croup
40
systemic: Hep A dna or rna spread chronic carriers incubation vaccine
- RNA, non envelopes - fecal oral from infected person or infected waters - shell fish - no chronic carriers - 15-40 days: most infectious - inactivated whole virus
41
Systemic Hep B - dna or rna - spread - incubation - chronic carriers - vaccine - linked to
- DNA - blood, bodily fluids - 50-180 days - 10% chronic carriers - recombinant HBsAG(genetic engineering) - liver cancer
42
what is dane particle
complete HBV particle
43
Systemic Hep C - rna or dna - spread - incubation - chronic carriers - linked to
- RNA - blood, bodily fluids: STD - 14-150 days - yes chronic carriers - chronic liver disease and liver cancer
44
systemic Hep D - rna or dna - spread - chronic carriers - linked to
- RNA - Blood and bodily fluids - chronic carriers - always occurs with HBV - higher mortality rate and liver damage with both HBV and HDV
45
systemic: Hep E - rna or dna - spread - chronic carriers - incubation - bad for
- RNA - fecal oral route - no chronic carriers - few weeks duration - 20% mortality rate in pregnant women
46
HEP A AND E
- no chronic carriers - short incubation - fecal oral
47
HEP B,C,D
- chronic carriers - blood/bodily fluids - long incubation except D
48
Oral Tract Bacteria
- streptococcus - dental carrie - periodontal disease
49
bacteria: streptococcus gram stain hemolysis potential consequences
- gram + cocci - alpha hemolytic - subcutaneous bacterial endocarditis if enters blood stream
50
bacteria: dental carrie
- cavities - sugar + s mutans + host habits
51
process of dental carrie formation
- glycoproteins in saliva adhere to tooth - sucrose turns into glucose and fructose bc of strep mutans - glucose polymerized to dextran - dense mass forms on tooth: plaque - plaque produced acids from sugar fermentation - acids dissolve tooth enamel which forms cavities
52
bacteria: periodontal disease
gingivitis and periodontitis
53
define gingivitis
infection restricted to gums
54
define periodontitis
infection in gums and tissues between teeth that result in tooth loss
55
Oral Tract Fungi
candida albicans
56
Fungi: candida albicans produces? know
- yeast that produces psuedophae - kept in check by normal flora - opportunistic - causes oral thrush
57
define oral thrush conditions?
warm, moist conditions when skin is irritated or damaged - hospitals, birthing
58
Oral Tract Viruses
- Herpes Simplex 1 - cytomegalovirus - epstein barr
59
virus: heroes simplex 1 - dna or rna - disease - spread - s/s - process
- DNA - oral herpes - oral/respiratory route - possible blindness/ destroys epithelial cells - blisters, latency, recurrnace
60
virus: Cytomegalovirus dna or rna spread s/s serious consequences
- DNA - oral route - nuclear inclusions and swelling - pneumonia in immunosuppressed - congenital defects in pregnant women - latency
61
virus: epstein barr disease spread s/s process cancers
- mono - close oral contact - swollen lymph nodes - paranoid glands, blood, b cells, third line of defense - burkitts lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma
62
Genitourinary Tract bacterial infections and diseases
- UTIs - Vagintis - STDs
63
UTIs - leading cause - bacteria that causes - criteria
- nosocomial infections: catheters - E. Coli - >10,000 bacteria/ml and pure
64
define cystitis
uti confined to bladder
65
define pyelonephritis
UTI in kidneys
66
define vaginitis
- - can be caused be endogenous organisms as wells as sexually transmitted organisms
67
types of vaginitis
- candida albicans - gardenella vaginalis - trichomonas vaginalis
68
vaginitis: candida albicans
- endogenous organisms - opportunist - yeast found in mouth, intestinal tract, and genitourinary tract - disturbance in normal flora
69
vaginitis: gardebella vaginalis
- STD - small, pleomorphic, gram - rod
70
Vaginitis: Trichomonas vaginalis
- STD - flagellated protozoa
71
how does pH affect vaginitis
- pH decreases: gardenella: decreases lactobacilli - pH increases: trichomonas: over grow normal flora
72
STD risk factors
- number of sexual partners - age of sexual activity - injection drug use some people symptomatic and some asymptomatic
73
define STD coinfection
transmission of more than one pathogen at the same time - gonorrhea and chlamydia
74
STD local infection
- herpes - papillomavirus
75
STD systemic infections
- syphilis, gonorrhea, aids - all may cause systemic infections when passed form mother to child
76
STD: pelvic inflammatory disease
- extensive bacterial infection of pelvic organs in females - caused by chlamidia trachomatis and neiserria gonorrhea
77
Reproductive tract bacteria
chlamydia trachomatis neiserria gonorrhea treponema pallidum strep agalactiae
78
RT: chlamydia trachomatis gram stain types
- D-K: STD types: asymptomatic - L1-L3: invasive types: sexual contact and lesions - A, B, Ba, C: blindness: direct contact - gram - coccoid or rod
79
RT: Neisseria gonorrhea gram stain virulence s/s
- gram - diplococci - pilli/fimbriae, destroys IgA antibodies, other membrane proteins, penicillinase enzymes - inflammation/pus in men - burning when urinating in women: bacteremia and lesions
80
RT: Treponema Pallidum disease caused gram stain disease process
- syphilis - thing, tightly coiled spirochete - primary, secondary, latent, tertiary
81
TP primary
local infection: localized ulcer
82
TP secondary
systemic: lymph node swelling, rash and lesions
83
TP latent
organisms persists in body
84
TP tertiary
recurrence years later: serious damage to organs
85
RT: Strep agalactiae know serious consequences
- grp B beta strep: - can be normal flora in some women - in newborns: bacteremia, pneumonia, meningitis - post partum endometritis
86
Respiratory Tract viruses
- herpes simplex 2 - Hep B - Human Papillomavirus - HIV
87
RT: Herpes Simplex 2 dna or rna disease process serious consequences
- - genital herpes - sexual contact, lesions, healing, latent virus - infections in new born fatal or severe
88
RT: Hepatitis B rna or dna process vaccination
- DNA - targets liver cells, kills infected cells, virions released into blood stream - HBsAg vaccination
89
RT: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) dna or rna productive forms non productive forms serious consequences vaccine
- DNA - 6, 11: warts dependent on viral type - 16,18: transformation of infected cells - cervical cancer - gardasil: recombinant - cerverax: purified L1 protein
90
RT: HIV dna or rna disease result process
- RNA - cause of AIDS - virions, host cell lysis, paralysis of immune system, opportunist infections - latent: virus remains integrated indefinitely
91
Skin pathogens: bacterias
- staph aureus - strep pyogenes - pseudomonas aeruginosa - leptospira interrogans - clostridium tetani - clostridium perfringens
92
skin bacteria: staph aureus test results gram stain virulence found most common infection
- catalase +, beta, coagulase + - gram + cocci - cell wall protein, coagulase, enzymes and toxins - hair, wound, intestine, bone infections - infection of hair follicles
93
skin bacteria: strep pyogenes test results gram stain diseases
- catalase -, beta - gram + cocci - impetigo, eryispelas, necrotizing fascitis
94
skin bacteria: pseudomonas aeruginosa test results gram stain know virulence
- oxidase + - gram - rod - oppurtunistic organisms: very resistant - toxins and enzymes, motile, slime layer, antibiotic resistant
95
skin bacteria: leptospira interrogans gram stain spread s/s process
- spirochete, hooked ends - though contaminated urine - flu like symptoms - enters skin abrasions then blood
96
skin bacteria: clostridium tetani causes gram stain other tests virulent toxin
- lock jaw - gram + rod - spore forming, anaerobic - tetanospasmin: inhibits nerve cells responsible for relaxation of muscles - constant contraction of voluntary muscles
97
skin bacteria: clostridium perfringens causes gram stain other tests process
- gas-gangrene - gram + rod - spore forming anaerobic - virulent toxin kills host cells and causes necrosis
98
Skin pathogens Fungi
- mycoses - cutaneous - subcutaneous - dermatophyte - subcutaneous mycoses
99
define mycoses
disease caused by fungal infections
100
define cutaneous
superficial infections of the skin, hair and nails
101
define subcutaneous
penetrates deeper into dermis to infect tissues
102
define dermatophyte
fungi that colonize hair, skin, nails, - utilize karat in for growth
103
subcutaneous mycoses
fungal spores/ mycelia fragments enter deeper tissue - caused by sporothrix schenkill
104
Zoonooses
- direct: bacteria, viruses - indirect: bacteria, protozoa, viruses
105
define zoonoses
diseases that occur primarily in animals transferred to humans
106
direct zoonoses
direct contact with infected animal or animal product
107
indirect zoonoses
intermediate carrier through insect vectors - harder to treat
108
direct zoonoses bacteria
- bacillus anthracis - brucella abortive - Bartonella hensiae
109
direct bacteria: Bacillus anthracis gram stain spread virulence forms
- gram + rods - sheep, cattle, horses - capsule, enzymes, toxins - cutaneous, gastric, pulmonary
110
direct bacteria: brucella abortus gram stain spread symptoms know
- gram - coccobacilli - cattle - mild flu like symptoms - most common in USA
111
direct bacteria: Bortonella hensiae gram stain disease know
- gram - rods - cat scratch disease - very low ability to invade
112
direct zoonose viruses
- rabies
113
direct virus: rabies rna or dna shape process
- RNA - bullet shaped - bite of infected animal, muscle and connective tissue, PNS/CNS
114
indirect Zoonose bacteria
- yersinia pestis - Francisella tularensis - Borella burgdoferi - Rickettsiae
115
indirect bacteria: yersinia pestis gram stain disease virulence process
- gram - rod, bipolar staining - bubonic plague - capsule and toxins - wild rodents- rate flea- human
116
pneumonic plague
rapid spread and difficult to control when plague reaches lungs
117
indirect bacteria: Francisella tularensis gram stain disease virulence process
- gram - rod - rabbit fever - not known, grow in WBCs - wild animal- deer lice/ tick-human
118
indirect bacteria: borella burgdorferi gram stain disease virulence process
- spirochete - lymes disease - survive in macrophages, alters antigenic molecules - animal/human-deer tick- human
119
lymes disease prevention
- pesticides - constant checks - insect repellent - cover skin
120
indirect bacteria: rickettsia need 3 types
- need anthropoid vector - rickettsii: rocky mountain spotted fever: tick-human - prowazekhi: epidemic typhus: body lice-humans - typhi: endemic typhus: rodent, rat flea, human
121
Zoonoses protozoa
- hemoflagellates: flagellates protozoa in blood, long, slender - sporozoa: none motile protozoa
122
hemoflagellate trypansoma
- carried by tste fly: Africa sleeping sickness - carrie’s by reduridbug: chagas disease
123
hemoflagellate leishmania
- carried by sand fly ( tropical areas) - cutaneous or visceral disease
124
sporozoa plasmodium
- 4 species - carried by female anapheles masquito - cause malaria
125
sporozoa babeslamicroti
- carried by ixodes scapularis tick - can resemble malaria
126
Zoonose viruses
- togaviridae - bunyaviridae - RNA viruses carried by vectors to humans - mosquito most common vector - enters lymph tissue, internal organs, CNS (encephalitis)
127
what is meant by ARBO virus

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