Unit 4 PT 2

Question 1

Bipolar disorder

Answer 1

1) Bipolar disorder is characterized by episodes of behaviour that are alternately characterized by a manic phase (Example: Euphoria) and a depressive phase (Example: Diminished interest or pleasure in all activities)

2) Manic phase- Individual may be excessively involved in activities that have high potential for painful consequences (associated with serotonin imbalance)

3) There are five types of bipolar disorder- Bipolar 1 and Bipolar 2 are the most important

4) Bipolar disorder is not usually implicated in violent crime- May be a factor in reckless behaviour that leads to criminal activity

5) Lifetime risk of suicide is a lot higher

Question 2

Bipolar 1:

Answer 2

1) (Manic)
2) More linked to crime or a higher risk to commit crime
3) Manic phase is experienced in a more severe manner
4) Doesn’t experience depressive phase often (Main difference between the two)

Question 3

Bipolar 2

Answer 3

1) (Depressive)
2) Experiences severe and/or persistent depressive phase

Question 4

“Major depressive disorder (MDD)

Answer 4

1) Label for symptoms including extremely depressed state, general slowing down of mental and physical activity, and feelings of selfworthlessness

2) Presence of sad, empty, or irritable mood accompanied by somatic and cognitive changes significantly affecting individual’s capacity to function

Question 5

Symptoms include:

Answer 5

1) Extremely depressed state (lasting at least 2 weeks)
2) Gloom
3) Despair
4) Frequent thoughts of suicide

Question 6

Mood changes in MDD are extreme

Answer 6

Depression is deep and usually long-lasting

Question 7

Role of depression in development of criminal behaviour

Answer 7

1) Indicates depression is strongly related to delinquency

2) Depression renders teenagers indifferent to own personal safety and consequences of actions

3) They don’t care what happens to them- Increases likelihood of gravitating toward delinquency

4) Depression plays role- Mass murders, school shootings, workplace violence, ‘suicide-by-cop’

Question 8

Suicide-by-cop”

Answer 8

Person commits crime and sets up situation wherein police forced to shoot

Question 9

MDD is in genetic makeup
Example:

Answer 9

Mother has MDD, high possibility daughter has MDD

Question 10

3 types of depression:

Answer 10

1) Postpartum depression
2) Postpartum blues
3) Postpartum psychosis

Question 11

Postpartum Blues

Answer 11

1) A common and mild form of emotional disturbance that many women experience after childbirth

2) Characterized by mood swings, tearfulness, anxiety, and feeling overwhelmed

3) Usually short-lived and resolved on their own

4) Typically occurs within first few days to 2 weeks after delivery

Question 12

Postpartum depression

Answer 12

1) Mood disorder affecting women after childbirth

2) Characterized by feelings of extreme sadness, anxiety, and exhaustion

3) Can interfere with woman’s ability to take care of herself or her family

4) More severe and can last for weeks or months

Question 13

Examples: Postpartum psychosis

Answer 13

1) Case of Andrea Yates- She drowned her two children and wasn’t found guilty by reason of insanity largely due to evidence of MDD

1.2) In psychotic phase- Out of touch with reality and not in control (commits acts without thinking)

2) A mother believes she must kill her children because satan is after them, and believes she is saving them and they will be better off (Starts to hear things- Delusions)

Question 13

Postpartum psychosis

Answer 13

1) Is a rare but severe mental health condition that can occur in some women shortly after childbirth

2) Characterized by a loss of contact with reality, hallucinations, delusions, extreme agitation, and mood disturbances

3) Believed to be triggered by hormonal changes, sleep deprivation, and other factors associated with childbirth

Question 14

Antisocial personality disorder (APD)

Answer 14

1) A disorder characterized by a history of continuous behaviour in which the rights of others are violated

2) To be diagnosed with APD- Individual must be at least 18 years and must have a history of some symptoms of conduct disorder before age 15

Question 15

“Conduct disorder (CD)”

Answer 15

Label for identifying children demonstrating habitual misbehavior

Question 16

Before diagnosed with APD- A common pattern of disregard for and violation of rights of others must be indicated by at least three of the following behavioral patterns

Answer 16

1) Failure to conform to social norms or criminal law

2) Irritability and unusually aggressiveness
3) Consistent irresponsibility
4) Impulsivity or failure to plan ahead (Characteristic at all ages)
5) Deceitfulness
6) Reckless disregard for safety of others or self
7) Lack of remorse or guilt for wrongdoings

Question 17

Examples
1) Failure to conform to social norms or criminal law
2) Irritability and unusually aggressiveness
3) Consistent irresponsibility
4) Deceitfulness
5) Lack of remorse or guilt for wrongdoings

Answer 17

1) Frequent performance of acts that are grounds for arrest
2) Repeated physical fights or how they speak to teachers at school
3) Poor work history
5) Lying, truancy, conning others for personal profit or pleasure
7) Not apologetic for hurting others

Question 18

Additional behaviour markers include:

Answer 18

1) Stealing
2) Fighting
3) Truancy (not regular school attendance)
4) Resisting authority

Question 19

Other antisocial personality characteristics:

Answer 19

1) Lack empathy
2) Tend to be callous and cynical
3) Disrespectful of the feelings, rights, and suffering of others
4) Frequently exhibit precocious and aggressive sexual behaviour
5) Excessive drinking and use of drugs
6) Restless and fail to conform

Question 20

Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Answer 20

1) A cluster of behavioural patterns that results from a psychologically distressing event outside the usual range of human experience

2) Individuals suffering from PTSD may display different mood states, negative cognitions, or dissociative symptoms