Unit 40 Flashcards
Geminate roots, minor stems (66 cards)
שׁ - מ - ם
To be amazed, abandoned
ר - ב - ב
To be great, multiply
ס - ב - ב
To revolve, surround
ה - ל - ל
To run around madly, act like a madman
ב - ז - ז
To plunder
ר - ע - ע
To be bad
ק - ד - ד
To bow down
ח - ו - ה
To bow down
ח - נ - ן
To beg, pardon
מ - ר - ר
To embitter
ז - מ - ם
To plan, ponder
ר - נ - ן
To rejoice
What are geminate roots?
Roots whose second and third radical are the same consonant
In which stems are geminate roots different from strong stems?
Qal, nifal, hifil, hofal
How do geminate roots behave in the qal qatal?
- The 3ms, 3fs, and 3cp qatal forms conjugate like strong roots
- The 3ms of stative roots is usually monosyllabic and pointed with patah
- Consonantal suffixes of active and stative roots are usually added to the base first radical + patah + second radical w/dagesh + waw w/holem
- The 3fs and 3cp of stative roots are formed by adding the vocalic suffix to the base first radical + patah + second radical w/dagesh
How do geminate roots behave in the qal yiqtol?
- The 3ms of active roots is yod + qamatz + first radical + holem + second radical; stative roots have a base of yod + sere + first radical + patah + second radical
- When suffixes are added, the second radical doubles
- When suffixes are added to stative yiqtols the sere may become hireq and the first radical may double as well
How do geminate roots behave in the qal volitives?
As expected
How do geminate roots behave in the qal infinitives?
- The infinitive absolute of active roots is identical to strong roots
- The infinitive construct of active and stative roots take the form first radical + holem + second radical
- Suffixes are added to the infinitive construct base first radical + qibbus + second radical w/dagesh
How do geminate roots behave in the qal participle?
As expected
How do geminate roots behave in the hifil qatal?
- The 3ms form is pointed with sere under the first and second radicals
- When suffixes are added the second radical doubles
- The stress remains on the penultimate syllable in all suffixed forms except the 2m/fp
- Consonantal suffixes attach to the base hey + patah hatuf + first radical + hireq + yod + second radical + waw w/holem
How do geminate roots behave in the hifil yiqtol/wayyiqtol?
- The 3ms form is usually yod + qamatz + first radical + sere + second radical
- When suffixes are added the second radical doubles
- The stress remains on the penultimate syllable in all suffixed forms
- In the singular wayyiqtol forms the stress retracts and the vowel of the final syllable shortens to segol
How do geminate roots behave in the hifil volitives?
As expected
How do geminate roots behave in the hifil infinitives?
The base for both is hey + qamatz + first radical + sere + second radical
How do geminate roots behave in the hifil participle?
- The ms form is mem + sere + first radical + sere + second radical
- When suffixes are added the second radical doubles and the first radical is pointed with hireq
