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N517 Tests > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

1
Q

what triggers ovulation

A

increased LH

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2
Q

What hormone do follicles produce

A

estrogen

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3
Q

what hormone does the corpeus luteum secrete

A

progesterone and estrogen

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4
Q

What keeps the uterine lining vascularized after implantation

A

HCGn keep corpeus luteum functioning so it can continue to produce progesterone

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5
Q

what ovarian cell produces androgens

A

Theca

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6
Q

what ovarian cell has receptors for LH

A

Theca

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7
Q

what ovarian cell creates estrogen from androgens

A

granulosa

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8
Q

what ovarian cell has receptors for FSH

A

Granulosa

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9
Q

In PCOS there is an excess of: LH or FSH

A

LH

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10
Q

What condition causes Acanthosis nigrans

A

PCOS

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11
Q

What is clomiphene used for

A

to induce ovulation in anovulation related to PCOS

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12
Q

PTH binds to osteoblasts or osteoclasts

A

osteoblasts

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13
Q

(Osteoblasts or osteoclasts) express RANKL and (osteoblasts or osteoclasts) bind to the RANKL

A

osteoblasts
osteoclasts

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14
Q

What role does estrogen play in osteoporosis

A

increased production of OPG

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15
Q

what does OPG do

A

Stops RANKL from binding to RANK on osteoclasts therefore inhibiting activation of osteoclasts

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16
Q

What is first line treatment for osteoporosis

A

bisphosphonates

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17
Q

what is the mechanism of action of bisphosphonates

A

bind to hydroxyepetite in bone and are then taken up into the osteoclasts causing osteoclasts apoptosis

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18
Q

What medications can cause osteonecrosis of the jaw and atypical femoral fractures

A

bisphosphonates

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19
Q

bisphosphonates may cause (increased or decreased) serum calcium

A

decreased

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20
Q

Why is PTH a treatment for osteoporosis

A

intermittent PTH dosing has been shown to activate osteoblasts more than it activates osteoclasts

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21
Q

What is the mechanism of action of denosumab

A

stops RANKL bind to RANK to decreased osteoclast activation

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22
Q

What medications predisopose people to osteoporosis (10)

A

anticoagulants, PPIs, corticosteroids, anti seizure meds, thyroid hormone, retinoids, MTX, loop diuretics, cyclosporin, depo

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23
Q

which calcium has the highest bioavailability

A

calcium lysinate

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24
Q

what class is calcitonin and when is it used

A

RANKL inhibitor, second line treatment for osteoporosis

25
when are extended combined OCPs beneficial
excessive bleeding, dysmennorrhea, endometreosis
26
what is an extended phase OCP
multiple or no months with a placebo week therefore fewer or no withdrawl bleedings
27
how do combined OCPs prevent pregnancy
inhibit ovulation
28
why does menopause cause increased FSH
follicular depletion means not as much estrogen so FSH increases to try to increase estrogen
29
why should women entering menopause have LDL levels checked
because estrogen has a protective cardiovascular effect
30
what class of medication can be used for hot flashes and irritability in menopause
SSRIs or SNRIs
31
when do women not require both progestin and estrogen in hormone therapy for menopause
hysterectomy - only require estrogen and not progestin
32
BV, retrograde menstratution and intercourse can all increase riks of developing _____
PID
33
what is hydrosalpinx and what causes it
swollen fallopian tube from PID
34
true or false: a history of having PID may make it harder to get pregnant
true, as scar tissue may remain in the fallopian tubes
35
what is fits-hugh-curtis syndrome
inflammation from PID spreads to peritoneum and then up to liver causing scar tissue
36
What STIs are most likely to cause PID
chlamydia and ghonorrhea
37
fever with abnormal vaginal discharge and pelvic pain may be ____
PID
38
cervical motion tenderness is an indication of _____
PID
39
true or false: a positive result for BV rules out the diagnosis of PID
false, BV can lead to a PID
40
what abx are used to treat PID
Cephalosporins and tetracyclines : 1 dose of IM ceftriaxone followed by 2 weeks of doxy and flagyl
41
when might surgery be necessary for PID treatment
to remove adhesions or for hydroslpinx or tubal abcess
42
true or false: patients with a tubo-ovarian abcess can be treated with outpatient abx
false, it will likely need surgical intervention
43
true of false: history of PID increases risk of ectopic pregnancy
true
44
the follicular phase takes place (before or after) ovulation
before
45
why is there sometimes no ovulation in PCOS
LH is constantly high so there is no sudden LH surge to facilitate ovulation
46
what condition may cause hyperplasia of ovarian theca cells
PCOS
47
what is the difference between primary and secondary amennorhea
primary: menstration never started. Secondary: menstration used to occur but has now stopped
48
what is the most common cause of amennorhea
turner syndrome
49
what is the most common cause of secondary amennorhea
pregnancy
50
pain with defecation, chronic fatigue and infertility may be symptoms of what
endometriosis
51
patients with dysmenorrhea who do not respond to NSAIDs should be considered for _____
endometriosis
52
what is gold standard for diagnosing endometriosis
laproscopy
53
what medication can be used for dysmenorrhea
NSAIDs
54
What class is alendronate and what is it used to treat
bisphosphonate for Osteoporosis
55
Goserelin and nafarelin are what class of medicaiton and used to treat what
GnRH agonists used to treat endometriosis
56
what class is Danazol and what is it used to treat
androgen receptor agonist, treats endometriosis
57
estrogen therapy and PTH analogues can be used to treat _____
osteoporosis
58
how does cholchicine work
blocks recruitment of neutrophils

N517 Tests (7 decks)

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