Unit 5 Muscles and Energy Systems Flashcards
3 types of muscle characteristics
Smooth Muscle- surrounds internal organs
Cardiac- Specific to the heart muscle
Skeletal- Muscles that attach to the bone
3 types of muscle contraction
Concentric contraction
(shortening) the upward phase of a biceps curl is
Eccentric contraction
(lengthening) the lowering phase of a biceps curl
Isometric contraction
(static) during a biceps curl, holding the dumbbell in a constant/static position rather than actively raising or lowering it
5 main parts of the reflex arc
Sensory receptor
Sensory neuron (afferent)
Interneuron
Motor Neuron (efferent)
Effector organ
3 types of Muscle fibers
Slow- Type 1 (Cell resp)
Fast- Type 11A (Glycolysis)
Fast- Type 11B (ATP-PC)
3 Key Energy Nutrients
Carbohydrates, Protein and Fats
Provide 5 possible reasons that East African runners have been so dominant in long-distance running
- Vo2 MAX
- Body type (genetics)
- Culture
- Role Models
- Diet
Agonist vs Antagonist
The muscle primarily responsible for movement is the Agonist. The muscle that lengthens when the agonist contracts is the Antagonist.
Anaerobic vs Aerobic
Aerobic exercise involves continuous movement fueled by oxygen Anaerobic exercise involves short bursts of high-intensity movement fueled by energy stored in your muscles.
Acetyl COA vs. Lactic Acid
During Glycolysis on its way to Cellular Respiration Purate creates Aceto COA when oxygen is present, and makes Lactic acid without oxygen.
ATP vs ADP
Both ADP and ATP are biological molecules produced by the cell. ADP has two phosphate groups, and ATP has three. ATP has more energy because it contains an extra high-energy phosphate-phosphate bond.
Autonomic vs. Somatic
Autonomic Nervous System: Prepares the body for emergency situations and localized adjustments.
Somatic Nervous System: Awareness of the external environment and motor activity.
Afferent vs Efferent
Afferent neurons carry information from sensory receptors found all over the body towards the central nervous system. Efferent neurons carry motor information away from the central nervous system to the muscles in order to initiate an action.
Insertion vs origin
Origin: The origin is where the muscle attaches to the more stationary part of the bone.
Insertion: The opposite end where the muscle is attached to the part of the bone that moves the most.
Ways of Naming Muscles
Location, Action, Direction of Fibers, Shape, Number of Origins, Origin location, Relative size,
Explain the Sliding Filament Theory
A message is released from the central nervous system to the peripheral nervous system. ACH and nerve impulses cause the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release calcium ions.Calcium ions attach to troponin and tropomyosin. Tropomyosin detaches from actin, Myosin heads attach to actin. ATP is broken down causing sliding of actin along myosin filaments. Contraction of filament continues until activation of muscle stops and calcium is present. When activation stops calcium returns to the sarcoplasmic, troponin and tropomyosin cover actin.
