unit 6

Question 1

DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid

Answer 1

a nucleic acid

Question 2

nucleotide

Answer 2

subunit of nucleic acid

Question 3

Deoxyribose

Answer 3

a pentose (5-carbon sugar) biological molecule

Question 4

nucleic acid

Answer 4

control genetic information, make proteins to make traits, found in nucleus

Question 5

3 Parts of a Nucleotide

Answer 5

phosphate, nitrogen base, 5- carbon sugar

Question 6

double helix

Answer 6

2 strands of nucleotides that twist

Question 7

“Backbone” of DNA

Answer 7

phosphate and 5-carbon sugar

Question 8

“Rungs” of DNA

Answer 8

nitrogen base

Question 9

hydrogen bonds

Answer 9

nucleotides come together HYDROGEN BONDS ARE VERY WEEK

Question 10

adenine

Answer 10

molecular structure is a double ring ,pairs with thymine (T)

Question 11

cytosine

Answer 11

molecular structure is a single ring ,pairs with guanine (G)

Question 12

guanine

Answer 12

molecular structure is a double ring ,pairs with cytosine (C)

Question 13

thymine

Answer 13

molecular structure is a single ring ,pairs with adenine (A)

Question 14

Complementary base pair

Answer 14

same bases will always pair together

Question 15

Chargoff’s Rule

Answer 15

should have equal amounts for base pairs
(A = 20%….T = 20%) (G =30%…C = 30%)

Question 16

DNA replication

Answer 16

happens during the s phase (interphase)

Question 17

Semi-conservative

Answer 17

when DNA copies itself, always has ½ paternal & ½ daughter strand

Question 18

Mutation

Answer 18

changes in genetic code

Question 19

Point mutation

Answer 19

where one nitrogen base is replaced with another

Question 19

Frameshift mutation

Answer 19

a gene refers to the insertion or deletion of nucleotide bases in numbers that are not multiples of three

Question 20

Insertion mutation

Answer 20

1 nucleotide is randomly added to the sequence

Question 21

Deletion mutation

Answer 21

1 of the nucleotides are removed

Question 22

substitution mutation

Answer 22

point mutation

Question 23

protein synthesis

Answer 23

DNA (instructions)–> RNA(message)–>protein (product)–> trait

Question 24

Transcription

Answer 24

turn DNA into a mRNA message

Question 25

Translation

Answer 25

link amino acid together to make a protein

Question 26

amino acid

Answer 26

building blocks of protein

Question 27

enzyme

Answer 27

work together to open up the DNA strand in replication and copy the DNA strands semi-conservatively

Question 28

RNA

Answer 28

ribonucleic acid

Question 29

ribonucleic acid

Answer 29

single stranded, sugar, A-U-C-G are the bases

Question 30

uracil

Answer 30

(U) one of the four nucleotide bases in RNA

Question 31

template

Answer 31

contains the sequence that you want to copy

Question 32

mRNA

Answer 32

carries the DNA message

Question 32

rRNA

Answer 32

makes up ribosomes

Question 33

tRNA

Answer 33

links amino acids together

Question 34

Codon

Answer 34

each one is a code for a certain amino acid

Question 35

Anticodon

Answer 35

matches to codon

Question 36

stop codon

Answer 36

to not repeat the code

Question 37

start codon

Answer 37

to show where to start

Question 38

Polypeptide

Answer 38

many peptide bonds

Question 39

peptide bonds

Answer 39

help make protein

Question 40

codon chart

Answer 40

to find genetic code

Question 41

Trait

Answer 41

personal like eye color, hair color

Question 41

Gene

Answer 41

group of bases (ATCG) that code for 1 protein