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Psych 290 > unit 6 > Flashcards

unit 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

personality

A

individual’s unique constellation of consistent behavioural traits

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2
Q

personality trait

A

disposition to behave a certain way in a variety of situations

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3
Q

five-factor model of personality traits

A

from Robert McRae and Paul Costa:

neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness, extraversion

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4
Q

psychodynamic theories

A

focus on unconscious mental forces (Freud)

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5
Q

Id

A

primitive, instinctive, pleasure principle

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6
Q

pleasure principle

A

demands immediate gratification of urges

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7
Q

ego

A

decision making, reality principle

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8
Q

reality principle

A

delays gratification of id’s urges until appropriate outlets can be found

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9
Q

superego

A

moral, social standards about right and wrong

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10
Q

conscious

A

aware of at one point in time

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11
Q

preconscious

A

material just beneath the surface, easily retrieved

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12
Q

unconscious

A

material well below the surface of awareness, exert influence on behaviour still

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13
Q

defence mechanisms

A

unconscious reactions to protect from guilt and shame

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14
Q

rationalization

A

create false yet plausible excuses

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15
Q

repression

A

keeping thoughts buried in the unconscious

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16
Q

projection

A

say your own emotions are caused by someone else

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17
Q

displacement

A

divert other emotions onto someone else

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18
Q

reaction formation

A

behaving the opposite way of your feelings

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19
Q

regression

A

go back to immature behaviour

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20
Q

identification

A

bolstering self-esteem by forming an imaginary or real alliance with some person or group

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21
Q

sublimation

A

when unconscious, unacceptable urges are channeled into socially acceptable ones

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22
Q

psychosexual stages

A

developmental periods with a characteristic sexual focus, leaves mark on adult personality

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23
Q

fixation

A

failure to move forward from one psychosexual stage to another as expected. (excess gratification or fustration)

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24
Q

oral stage

A

mouth, biting, sucking, chewing, feeding. obsession can lead to smoking later in life

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25
anal stage
bowel movements, toilet training
26
phallic stage
genitals, self-stimulation, age 4, Oedipal complex
27
latency stage
sexuality is repressed during ages 6 to puberty
28
Genital stage
with puberty, sexual urges reappear
29
Carl Jung
analytical psychology, personal unconscious and collective unconscious, introvert vs. extrovert
30
personal unconscious
houses material not within one's conscious awareness because it has been repressed for too long
31
collective unconscious
stores latent memories of ancestral past, archetypes
32
archetypes
emotionally charged images that have universal meaning
33
introverts
preoccupied with the internal world of own thoughts, feelings, and experiences
34
extraverts
interested in the external world of people and things
35
Alfred Adler
individual psychology, humans are motivated by striving for superiority, adapt, overcome some feelings of inferiority, compensation, some overcompensate
36
striving for superiority
universal drive to adapt, improve oneself, and master life's challenges
37
compensation
efforts to overcome imagined or real life inferiorities by developing one's coping abilities
38
inferiority complex
exaggerated feelings of weakness and inadequacy
39
behaviourism
psychology should only study observable behaviour
40
Albert Bandura
social cognitive theory, reciprocal determinism, observational learning
41
reciprocal determinism
internal and external events and behaviour all influence each other
42
Skinner
behaviourism, operant conditioning
43
observational learning
organism's response is influenced by a model
44
model
a person whose behaviour is observed by another
45
self-efficacy
confidence in oneself to perform and have desired outcomes
46
Walter Mischel
believes people will behave in a way that will lead to reinforcement in the situation at hand, people will behave very differently in various situations (people are not necessarily consistent in their behaviour!!!)
47
humanism
emphasizes unique qualities of humans, freedom, growth
48
phenomenological approach
we have to appreciate someone's personal, subjective, experiences to truly understand their behaviour
49
Roger's Person-Centred Theory
emphasized a person's subjective point of view, self
50
self-concept
collection of beliefs about one's own nature...typical behaviour
51
incongruence
gap between one's self-concept and reality (vs. congruence), incongruence when a parent displays conditional love
52
Maslow's theory of self-actualization
human motives have a hierarchy
53
hierarchy of needs
systematic arrangement of needs according to priority, basic needs first, complete satisfaction not necessary to activate needs on the next level
54
need for self-actualization
need to fulfill one's potential, highest need in the hierarchy
55
self-actualizing persons
people with exceptionally healthy personalities, continued personal growth
56
Eysenck's theory
biological perspective, personality is a hierarchy of traits, person's genes allows them to be conditioned easier than others, intros more easily conditioned than extros
57
narcissism
inflated sense of importance, need for attention and admiration, sense of entitlement, tendency to exploit others
58
terror management theory
managing the love of life and knowing about death
59
mortality salience
the degree to which mortality is present in someone's mind
60
self-enhancement
focusing on positive feedback from others, exaggeration one's strengths, seeing oneself as above average
61
self-report inventories
personality tests, asks individuals to answer question about their characteristic behaviour
62
projective tests
participants respond to vague stimuli, shows their true feelings

Psych 290 (9 decks)

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