Unit 6 (Georgia standard): Stability and change in ecosystem

Question 1

MOST organisms in any ecosystem are
A herbivores
B consumers
C producers
D heterotrophs

Answer 1

producers

Question 2

A consumer that eats only producers

Answer 2

Herbivores

Question 3

A consumer that eats only other consumers

Answer 3

Carnivore

Question 4

A consumer that eats both producers and consumers

Answer 4

Omnivore

Question 5

A consumer that eats dead or decaying remains

Answer 5

scavenger/detritivores

Question 6

Chemically break down dead or decaying remains and absorbs the nutrients

Answer 6

decomposers

Question 7

the only organisms on earth that do not require the sun to make their food, they use the heat and methane gas that is released from deep sea thermal vents to make their food instead

Answer 7

chemosynthetic prokaryotes

Question 8

A series of steps showing the transfer of energy from one organism to another (one possibility of who eats whom)

Answer 8

food chain

Question 9

A network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationships of various organisms (all the possibilities of who eats whom)

Answer 9

food webs

Question 10

Does it matter which way the arrow of a food web and/or food chain faces? Why?

Answer 10

Yes, it shows the direction of energy flow

Question 11

Shows the passing of energy from one trophic level

Answer 11

Energy pyramid

Question 12

States that only 10% of the available energy passes from one trophic level to the next

Answer 12

10% rule

Question 13

What happens to the 90% left over when talking about the 10% rule of ecology?

Answer 13

It is lost/given off as heat

Question 14

In ecosystems, does matter (nutrients) move in cycles or in a one-way flow?

Answer 14

Cycles

Question 15

Solar energy is converted to ___ energy as the ___/___ photosynthesize and make ___ (carb)

Answer 15

chemical, producers/autotrophs, glucose

Question 16

Another name for a herbivore in the food web &/or chain is a ___ consumer

Answer 16

Primary consumer

Question 17

What 2 cellular processes run the carbon cycle?

Answer 17

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Question 18

What element does not cycle through the atmosphere?

Answer 18

Phosphorus

Question 19

What makes nitrogen available to organisms in an ecosystem? (nitrogen cycle)

Answer 19

Bacteria

Question 20

A species of organisms that play a critical role in maintaining the structure/balance of an ecological community

Answer 20

Keystone species

Question 21

Without the keystone species, the community would be greatly ___ and many other species would be ___ impacted

Answer 21

impacted/altered, negatively

Question 22

An ecological event that involves changes to the structure of an ecosystem resulting from changes to animals or plants at one or more trophic levels of the food web

Answer 22

Trophic cascade

Question 23

Any behavior that improves another animals health and chances of survival at the expense of their own

Answer 23

Alturism

Question 24

Close, long-term relationship between different species, where at least 1 species benefits

Answer 24

Symbiosis

Question 25

+/+ both species benefit

Answer 25

mutualism

Question 26

+/0 one species benefits and the other is unaffected

Answer 26

commensalism

Question 27

+/- one species benefits and the other is harmed

Answer 27

parasitism

Question 28

What are the 3 feeding interactions?

Answer 28

predator/prey, consumer/producer, scavenging

Question 29

2 or more species or individuals of the same species using the same limited resources

Answer 29

competition

Question 30

Competition between different species

Answer 30

Interspecific competition

Question 31

Competition within the same species

Answer 31

Intraspecific competition

Question 32

Resources that are limited in supply so they can limit population growth

Answer 32

Limiting factors

Question 33

a limiting factor that depends on population size

Answer 33

density dependent factors

Question 34

a limiting factor that effects all populations in similar ways, regardless of population size

Answer 34

density independent factors

Question 35

the maximum population that an environment can support over a long period of time

Answer 35

carrying capacity

Question 36

population grows at a constantly increasing rate, conditions are optimal and resources are unlimited

Answer 36

exponential growth

Question 37

another name for an exponential growth is an ___ ___

Answer 37

j curve

Question 38

population increases quickly, then growth slows as the population is impacted by limiting resources such as food running out

Answer 38

logistic growth

Question 39

another name for a logistic growth is a ___ ___

Answer 39

s curve

Question 40

density independent factors that cause changes in populations are normally ___ factors

Answer 40

abiotic

Question 41

density dependent factors that cause changes in populations are normally ___ factors

Answer 41

biotic