UNIT 6: INDUSTRIALIZATION&ITS EFFECTS

Question 1

Reason Industrialization in GB

Answer 1

1.Agricultural Revolution
2.Abudant Supply of Capital
3.Abundance of Entrepreneur
The industrial revolution in Britain was largely driven by private investors rather than the government
4.Favorable government policies
5.Rich in Mineral Resources
6.Abundance of Markets
7.Incentives for Investors

Question 2

Corn Laws

Answer 2

tariffs on grains
later it was overturned with the Anti-Corn Law

Question 3

What did the anti corn law affect?

Answer 3

This repeal was only the beginning of a larger movement in Parliament to enact free trade agreements, and in doing so, manufacturing became even more important because exporting manufactured goods became even cheaper

Question 4

Why not France?

Answer 4

France was slow to adapt, lacked resources

Question 5

Slower adaptation of industrialization

Answer 5

1.many lacked mineral deposits for industry
2.The persistence of old economic arrangements
In those places that hadn’t industrialized they still practiced primitive agriculture, and in a few cases the result was massive and deadly famines
ex: irish potato famine

Question 6

Second Revolution Technology

Answer 6

1.Electricity revolutionized the communications industry
2.Chemical engineering led to improved materials for manufacturing
3.Railroads revolutionized the transportation industry
4.The internal combustion engine grew in dominance
This increased commerce by linking distant parts of a country into a national economy and railroads also facilitated more people moving from the country into cities

Question 7

long depression

Answer 7

because of wars and the increasing amount of money demanded by consumers to buy manufactured goods, money became scarce

Question 8

how did people adapt to this long depression?

Answer 8

to address this issue, some corporations attempted to create monopolies in their industry
protective tariffs
free trade agreements

Question 9

Industrialization in prussia

Answer 9

Zollverein Agreement-unite German states with tariffs

Question 10

Social Changes?

Answer 10

in the most industrialized states in Western and Northern Europe, industrialization led to the development of self-conscious classes because there was a very clear division of labor between who did what kind of work
the middle class banded together to provide the support many of them were lacking (mutual aid societies)

Question 11

Proletariat

Answer 11

working class, factories, mines
usually migrants

Question 12

Bourgeoisie

Answer 12

middle class ,white collar, worked more with their brain
the bourgeoisies formed philanthropic organizations to endow public works like museums, schools and hospitals
others gathered into social organizations like the freemasons which by this time was a fraternal organization that middle class men could join to help each other pursue their common interest

Question 13

Family life?

Answer 13

nuclear family
gender roles
proletariat all worked (farm, tg urban, separate)

Question 14

Factory act of 1833

Answer 14

child under the age of 9 couldn’t work under the factory
2 hours of schooling a day
This law did have the effect of making people aware that children ought to be protected from the harsh life of the factory

Question 15

Leisure culture

Answer 15

urban parks
music
spectator sports
etc…

Question 16

Marriage culture

Answer 16

middle class started to marry for love

Question 17

Conservatisim

Answer 17

a political belief that argues governments are most stable when they uphold traditional and established norms and cultural institutions
they believed humans are inherently flawed and untrustworthy

Question 18

Concert of Europe/Congress System

Answer 18

a period of roughly 50 years in which Europe existed in the image of these conservative rulers and, in general there was peace during that time

Question 19

Metternich Goals

Answer 19

1.Aimed to restore the balance of power in Europe by installing legitimate rulers on the various thrones of Europe
-legitimate=old school conservative rulers
2.took pains to make sure that European states upheld the rights and prerogatives of the landed aristocracy
3.argued for the need for organized religion as the bulwark of stable states

Question 20

Carlsbad Decree

Answer 20

in Austria to suppress liberal and nationalist movements
The decrees outlawed nationalist organizations, forcibly dissolved radical student organizations, and removed liberal college professors from their posts

Question 21

Greek War of Independence

Answer 21

Ottomans ruled Greek
Britain France and Russia help them gain their independence (weaken Ottoman)

Question 22

July Revolution

Answer 22

Charles X was a very heavy conservative-> liberals and wc rioted and fought-> Louis Phillip in power (conservative)

Question 23

Frankfurt Assembly

Answer 23

draft to unify Germany (failure)

Question 24

Austrian Empire

Answer 24

different ethnic groups= revolutions

Question 25

Alexander II's reforms

Answer 25

1.empancipated the serfs of Russia 2.created independent courts which ensured equality before the law for all Russians 3.modernized Russia military by increasing Russia industrial capacity

Question 26

Revolution of 1905

Answer 26

Russia liberal government under pressure Alexander III drafts up a constitution called the October Manifesto

Question 27

October Manifesto

Answer 27

1.Universal suffrage for men 2.Citizenship to all Russians 3.Freedom of Speech 4.Representative body called the Duma

Question 28

Revolutions of 1848

Answer 28

a response from the liberal and national sentiment and was failed bc of the conservative reforms

Question 29

Liberalism

Answer 29

Enlightenment Ideas Natural Rights/Popular Sovereignty Limited Government Some liberals argued that fundamental rights like the right to vote should be limited to those that owned land

Question 30

Socialism

Answer 30

ideology that demands that the society's means of production should be owned by the community as a whole, not private individuals

Question 31

Utopian Socialism

Answer 31

put the power in workers there will be no poor

Question 32

Marxism(scientific socialism)

Answer 32

Published the communist manifesto class struggle=revolution Indust. had exacerbated the division btw the two classes: the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, and thus a new societal arrangement was necessary equal rights for men and women (marx got a lot of women followers bc of this)

Question 33

Anarchy

Answer 33

belief that all forms of governmental authority were unnecessary and should be overthrown and replaced with a society based on voluntary cooperation

Question 34

What changed?

Answer 34

As European nations extended the right to vote to more and more people, political parties had to appeal to more voters interests to win offices

Question 35

Social Democratic Party

Answer 35

Based on Marxist ideas

Question 36

Women Rights

Answer 36

extended women rights

Question 37

Education reforms/Sunday School Movement

Answer 37

the movement was a massive success, and as adults brought their children to learn reading, writing etc, adults learned too, adding more literate society

Question 38

changes to govt?

Answer 38

In the middle of the 19th century, with the significant problems of overcrowding and crime created by urbanization, people began to demand liberal reforms of their government

Question 39

britain

Answer 39

Chadwick helped led to Britain's establishment of Public health improved sanitary conditions in Britain's cities since many of these reforms were the policies of Britain's Liberal Party, they grew to have the majority of parliament

Question 40

Governmental Reforms

Answer 40

1.Public Health 2.Urban Planning 3.Professional Police Forces (prisons systems) led by government

Question 41

Compulsory Education Laws

Answer 41

1.Public order 2.Nationalism same language same order - integrated population 3.Population growth Kindergartens