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Nursing 130 > Unit 7 > Flashcards

Unit 7 Flashcards

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0
Q

What is safety?

A

Can be defined as the state of being free from harm or dange?

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1
Q

What is an Antigen?

A

Foreign particle that provokes irritation and damage to the body tissues, and induces formation of antibodies

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2
Q

True or False:

Does Injuries have a recognizable pattern of occurrence with corresponding controls.

A

True

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3
Q

What is a sentinel event?

A

Safety error that result in death or serious injury.

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4
Q

What is QSEN 6 Compentencies?

A 
Patient-centered care 
Teamork and collaboration
Evidence-based practice
Quality Improvement
Safety
Informatics
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5
Q

What is a safety zone?

A

Safe places to stand or sit when a potentially dangerous activity is under way.

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6
Q

How can a safety zone be implemented in the kitchen?

A

Safety implication for kitchen would be when a person is cooking to stay at a designated area during preparation and cooking. Away from danger.

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7
Q

What is a harmful or unnatural substances in the air, water, or land?

A

Pollution

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8
Q

Bioterrorism is define as?

A

The use of biologic agents to compromise our safety and to cause fear, is the most likely form of attack to occur.

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9
Q

Poison can compromise what systems within the body?

A

They compromise the cardiovascular, respiratory, central nervous, hepatic, gastrointestinal, and renal systems through chemical reactions.

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10
Q

When would suffocation or asphyxiation occur?

A

As a result of smootheing, strangling, airway obstruction, or entrapment in a confined space when an individual airway no longer allows the free flow or oxygenated air.

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11
Q

What is a Ground?

A

is an electrical connection with large conducting body that allows dissipation of the electrical charge

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12
Q

What would be considered a chemical restraint?

A

Sedation medication to keep patients safe from harming self or others.

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13
Q

What is a restaint?

A

An physical or chemical means of stopping a patient from being free to move?

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14
Q

What are examples of physical restraints?

A

Vest, itt, wrist, or ankle restraints, four side rails up.

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15
Q

What does R.A.C.E mean?

A

Rescue - Remove the patient form immediate danger
Alarm - pull alarm and call “Code Red”, and alert appropriate personnel
Confine - close all doors and windows
Evacuate - Extinguish fire or evacuate patients if directed by fire department, first horizontally and then vertically.

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16
Q

What is P.A.S.S?

A

Pull - the pin
Aim - the nozzle
Squeeze - the hande
Sweep - back and forth over fire

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17
Q

If a sentinel event occurred where is it reported too?

A

Joint Commission and the state Department of Health

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18
Q

What is Self-Care?

A

Refers to a person’s ability to perform primary care functions.

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19
Q

In what 4 areas is self-care observed?

A

Bathing, feeding, tolieting, and dressing without the hep of others.

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20
Q

What is Hygiene?

A

Is the observance of health rules relating to these self-care activities.

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21
Q

What is the first line of defense against microorganisms?

A

The Integumentary system (Skin)

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22
Q

When bathing a patient what does this system promote for the body?

A

Increased circulation, helps maintain muscle tone an joint mobility. As well as relaxation and comfort.

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23
Q

What benefits does feet and nail care provide for the patient?

A

Feet care prevents skin breakdown. Toe nail care prevents ingrown nails, ill-fitting shoes, swollen feet, corns or abrasions which can jeopardize mobility. Nail care also allows you to see if pt suffers from improper diet.

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24
What is plaque?
Substance primarily composed of bacteria and salva that forms on teeth.
25
What damage does plaque cause?
Breaking down of enamel.
26
Plaque that becomes harden is referred to as?
Tartar
27
Another name for earwax is referred to as?
Cerumen
28
What is oral mucosa that becomes drier as saliva production lessens?
Xerostomia
29
What can cause Xerostomia?
Many medication, diuretics, antidepressants, antiparkinsonian drugs, antihistaines, angiotension coverting enzyme inhibitors (ACE)
30
What are the benefits of receiving a back massage?
Promotes circulation of blood to skin and muscle, provides comfort, relaxation and promotes sleep
31
Infestation with lice is referred to as?
Pendiculosis
32
Having difficulty swallowing?
Dyshpagia
33
What is a Commode?
Portable toliet
34
What are the two common bad pans, and the differences between the two
Fracture bed pan with lower rim to allow easier access for patients to void, who may have an injury or are slightly immobile. Regular bed pan used for reg patients.
35
What large organ gives protection, sensory and regulation functions?
The skin (Integument)
36
What is Epidermis?
Skins outer layer
37
The process of shedding skin is referred to as?
Dequamation
38
What is the thickest layer of skin referred to as and where is is located?
Thickest layer of skin is the Dermis, and it is below the epidermis and above the subcutaneous tissue
39
Where is the subcutaneous tissue?
Below the dermis tissue
40
Adequate Skin perfusion requires four factors:
The heart must be able to pump adequately The volume of circulation blood must be sufficient Arteries and veins must be patent and functioning well Local Capillary pressure must be higher than external pressure
41
What is Macerated?
Tissue appears wrinkled and is lighter in appearance than healthy tissue
42
Inflammation of the skin is often referred to as?
Dermatitis
43
What is Psoriasis?
A nonmalignant chronic disoder that greatly increases the rate of skin production. From 14-20 days to 3-4 days.
44
What is Abrasion
Skin rubs against a hard surface.
45
what is a laceration?
An open wound or cut
46
What is Friction and the difference between Abrasion?
Friction occurs when two surfaces rub together. Abrasion is skin to hard surface
47
What is Shear?
Force occurs when tissue layers move on each other, causing blood vessels to stretch as they pass through the subcutaneous tissue
48
What does MDRO mean?
Multidrug-resistant organism
49
What are some common MDRO?
TB and methicilin-resistant
50
Microorganisms that live on the skin and within the GI tract is often referred to as?
Normal Flora
51
What is interferon?
Nonspecific chemical inhibitor that is secreted by body cells in response to viral invasion
52
What action does Granulocytes (Neutrophils) actions perform?
They are phagocytes. Ingest and break down foreign particles, particularly bacteria and parasites. They generate fever to combat the proliferation of microorganisms
53
What Agranulocytes Synthesize Immunoglobulins, and destroys bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells?
T lymphocytes
54
B Lymphocytes does what for the body?
Synthesis of antibodies. They produce humoral immunity. Stimulated by the T cells to divide and produce the plasma cells, which then produces specific antibodies to antigens.
55
Monocytes also referred to as Macrophages does what for the body?
They are scavenger cells and with acute/chronic infection their numbers are increased.
56
Humoral Immunity takes place where?
Within the bloodstream
57
The complement system does what?
Series of proteins found in the blood stream that aids in the antigen-antibody reaction.
58
What is nosocomial infection?
Hospital acquired infection
59
What is sepsis?
Severe systemic inflammatory response to a documented or suspected infection.
60
What are signs of SIRS?
Temp greater than 38 degrees celsius HR greater than 90bpm Resp greater than 20 WBC greater than 12k, less than 4k, or 10% immunity forms
61
What is the time from as which a disease can be passed from one person to another person?
Prodromal period
62
What are the stages of infections?
Incubation period, Prodromal period, Full stage of illness, convalescent period
63
What is a Shift to the Left?
Increase of the number of immature Netrophil release to combat the bacterial infection
64
When a patients ANC is below 2k what is this a sign of?
Associated with cancer or chemotherapy
65
What is a superinfection?
secondary infection that occurs when antibiotics, immunosuppression cancer treatment destroys normal flora.
66
What is the infection cycle?
``` 1. Infection process 2 reservoir 3. Portal of exit 4. Means of transmission 5. Portal of entry 6. Susceptible host ```
67
What is bacteria?
Single-called, independent living microorganism
68
What is direct transmission?
Person to person or physical contact between source and susceptible host
69
Contact with an inanimate object is referred to as?
Indirect transmission
70
Transfer of microorganism by way of vehicles or contaminated items, water, drugs, solutions, blood, food
Vehicle of transmission
71
What is a vector?
A vehicle of transmit infection from a reservoir to a host
72
What are examples of vectors?
Mosquito, ticks, fleas, live,
73
Droplet transmission
Infectious agent expelled from the reservoir in the form of large particles 5mcm cough or sneeze
74
Fine small particles infectious agents expelled from source remains suspended in the air such as measles, TB, varicella
Airborne transmission
75
What is innate immunity?
Body's natural defense system that u are born with.
76
What are the five Cardinal symptoms of inflammation?
``` Heat Impaired ( loss of function) Pain Edema (swelling) Redness (erythema) ```
77
What is systemic infection?
``` Increased WBC production Fever Increased HR and respiration Fatigue Muscle aches Anorexia (loss of appetite) Malaise Sepsis ```
78
When does B-lymphocytes produce plasma cells
When stimulated by antigen particles within macrophages
79
What does plasma cells do?
They produce antibodies
80
B-lymphocytes makes up what percentage of your immunity?
10%
81
What is passive immunity or borrowed immunity
Immunoglobulin
82
What is active immunity
Self generated
83
What factors affect personal hygiene?
``` Culture, Socioeconomic class Spiritual practices Developmental level Health state Personal preferences ```
84
What factors affect normal resistance to infections?
``` Stress and hyperglycemia Environment Immune system dysfunction Coexisting medical problems Drug therapy ```
85
Describe effects of health and illness on the ability to perform self care
Self care deficit, poor hygiene, inability to demonstrate self care
86
What is pulmonary infections in older adults
Decreased cough reflex Decrease read tic recoil of lungs Decreased activity of cilia Abnormal swallowing
87
Normal WBC is what range?
5k-10k
88
Granuloctyes make up what percentage of the WBC?
50-70%
89
What are bands or blast cells?
Immature WBC
90
What is an ESR?
Erythrocytes sedimentation rate
91
What does MIC stand for?
Minimum inhibitory concentration
92
What does risk for infection mean
State in which a person is at increased risk for being invaded by pathogenic organisms
93
What is surgical asepsis?
Practices used to keep objects free from microorganism
94
What is HAI?
Term that encompasses infections contracted in healthcare settings
95
Describe and perform basic nursing interventions/hygiene skills?
Import eve of independence in self care | Delegate care for client
96
What are 3 vancomycin resistant organisms
VISA vancomycin intermediate resistant staphylococcus VRSA vancomycin resistant staphylococcus aureus VRE vancomycin resistant enterococcus
97
Discuss the implications of the warn competency during admission?
``` The bed in lowest position Bed controls are functioning Call light functioning Side rails are raised Wheels or castors are locked ```
98
What Nursing care that promotes health maintenance and preventive illness for Hygeine?
Early morning Care Afternoon Care Hour of sleep care All encompassing pt needs,(Tolieting, Washing, oral care, back massage, bed linen changing
99
What factors affect safety in the healthcare environment?
``` transporting pt to room Equipment Procedures and personel Room free of clutter Well lit lighting ```
100
What areas affect the safety in an home environment?
Throw rugs Stairways (Handrails) Clutter on floor unstable ladders and step stools
101
What type of restraints are in the healthcare setting?
``` Belt Restraint (Replaced by bed alarm) Ankle-Wrist Restraint Mittens Vest restraint ```
102
What role does the nurse play in risk management?
Safety Provide safety measures Quality assurance program
103
What factors increase the risk of infection?
open skin lesions, open Mucous membrane, pH levels abnormal | WBC lower than normal, Hereditary, Immunizations
104
List various HAI?
Staphylococcus A, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas agraginosa, E.Coli, UTI, Cath UTI, C.Diff
105
When should hands be cleaned?
When hands are visible soiled Before & after eating After Using the restroom
106
What is the minimum duration for washing hands?
20 Seconds
107
What machine is used for sterilization of medical equipment?
AutoClave
108
What is the difference between disinfection vs sterilization?
Disinfection reduces the number of pathogens on the object or surface are, but spores remain. Sterilization destroys all microorganisms including the spores.
109
Autoclaving does what?
Sterilize medical equipment via high temp, steam and high pressure, killing off microorganisms.
110
If boiling water at home for catheter use what is the minimum boiling duration for water?
10 Minutes
111
What is medical Asepsis?
Referred to as Clean technique. Used to reduce the # of pathogens present.
112
Sterile technique used to keep objects free of microorganisms is referred to as?
Surgical Asepsis

Nursing 130 (8 decks)

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