unit 8

Question 1

psychological disorder

Answer 1

a syndrome marked by a clinically
significant disturbance in an
individual’s cognition, emotion
regulation, or behavior.

Question 2

DSM-5

Answer 2

DSM-5 the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders

Question 3

medical model

Answer 3

the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital

Question 4

anxiety disorders

Answer 4

psychological disorders characterized by distressing persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

Question 5

generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 5

an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

Question 6

panic disorder

Answer 6

an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations. Often followed by worry over a possible next attack

Question 7

phobia

Answer 7

an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation

Question 8

social anxiety disorder

Answer 8

intense fear of social situations, leading to avoidance of such. (Formerly called social phobia.)

Question 9

agoraphobia

Answer 9

fear or avoidance of situations, such as crowds or wide open places, where one has felt loss of control and panic

Question 10

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Answer 10

a disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions)

Question 11

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Answer 11

a disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience

Question 12

mood disorders

Answer 12

psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes

Question 13

major depressive disorder

Answer 13

a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, two or more weeks with five or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure

Question 14

mania

Answer 14

a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state

Question 15

bipolar disorder

Answer 15

a mood disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania

Question 16

rumination

Answer 16

compulsive fretting; overthinking about our problems and their causes

Question 17

schizophrenia

Answer 17

a psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished or inappropriate emotional expression

Question 18

psychosis

Answer 18

a psychological disorder in which a person loses contact with reality, experiencing irrational ideas and distorted perceptions

Question 19

delusions

Answer 19

false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders

Question 20

hallucination

Answer 20

false sensory experience, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus