Unit 8: Evolution

Question 1

Radiometric dating

Answer 1

Allows scientists to pinpoint how old a rock layer is

Question 2

Biogeography

Answer 2

Finding patterns in the locations of fossilized species and species that could be descended from them

Question 3

Homologous structures

Answer 3

Could have shared a common ancestor

Question 4

Vestigial structures

Answer 4

Body structures that have no known
modern-day function

Question 5

__________ sequences can be analyzed to figure out how closely related species could be to each other

Answer 5

DNA and amino acid

Question 6

Descent with modification

Answer 6

As each new generation reproduces, traits that enhance fitness are observed more frequently and traits that result in poor fitness die out

Question 7

Speciation

Answer 7

Forming of a new species

Question 8

Genetic drift is caused by __________

Answer 8

Random changes in allele frequency

Question 9

The bottleneck effect

Answer 9

A near-extinction event kills off most members of a population, severely limiting genetic diversity as it grows back

Question 10

The founder effect

Answer 10

A small population separating from the original to create a new, isolated colony, limiting genetic diversity

Question 11

Gene flow

Answer 11

The movement of alleles from one population to another

Question 12

Speciation occurs when two (or more) populations originally from the same species become so different that they no
longer __________

Answer 12

Interbreed

Question 13

Prezygotic isolation

Answer 13

Populations are prevented or discouraged
from interbreeding in the first place

Question 14

Postzygotic isolation

Answer 14

Offspring can be produced, but these offspring are sterile

Question 15

Geographic isolation

Answer 15

Populations are separated by physical barriers, possibly resulting in speciation

Question 16

Temporal isolation

Answer 16

Populations or species reproduce at different times of the day, season, or year, preventing gene flow

Question 17

Behavioral isolation

Answer 17

Populations or species do not reproduce due to differences in mating behavior, preventing gene flow

Question 18

Divergent evolution

Answer 18

A single species diverging into many species

Question 19

Convergent evolution

Answer 19

Many species converging into one species due to similarities in selective pressures

Question 20

Taxonomy

Answer 20

Classifying and naming organisms

Question 21

System used for naming species

Answer 21

Binomial nomenclature

Question 22

Genus

Answer 22

Group of closely related species- always capitalized

Question 23

Species

Answer 23

Organisms belonging to a species can mate and produce fertile offspring- always lowercase

Question 24

Hierarchy of taxonomic groups

Answer 24

Dear King Philip Came Over For Good Soup-
(Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species)

Question 25

Symbiosis

Answer 25

A lasting relationship between two or more species

Question 26

Mutualism

Answer 26

Both organisms benefit from the interaction

Question 27

Parasitism

Answer 27

One organism benefits while the other is harmed

Question 28

Commensalism

Answer 28

One organism benefits while the other is unaffected

Question 29

Predation

Answer 29

One organism, the predator, consumes another organism, the prey

Question 30

Competition

Answer 30

Two organisms compete for resources

Question 31

The nitrogen cycle relies on __________ to convert nitrogen into forms usable by other organisms

Answer 31

Soil bacteria

Question 32

Nitrogen fixation

Answer 32

Bacteria that live in soil convert nitrogen gas into a form usable by plants: nitrate, NO3

Question 33

Plants use nitrate to make amino acids via __________; these can then be consumed and used by organisms unable to use N2 or NO3

Answer 33

Assimilation