Unit 2: Biochemistry

Question 1

Oxygen and hydrogens in a water molecule are connected via __________

Answer 1

Polar covalent bonds

Question 2

In a water molecule, the oxygen has a __________ charge and the
hydrogens have a __________ charge

Answer 2

Partial negative; partial positive

Question 3

Water molecules stick together, meaning they’re __________

Answer 3

Cohesive

Question 4

Water molecules stick to other polar molecules, meaning they’re __________

Answer 4

Adhesive

Question 5

Large, complex, carbon-based molecules produced by living things are called __________

Answer 5

Macromolecules (or biomolecules)

Question 6

The four major classes of macromolecules (or biomolecules) are __________

Answer 6

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids,
nucleic acids

Question 7

Individual units that join together to form
something more complex

Answer 7

Monomers

Question 8

Large, complex compounds built from
monomers

Answer 8

Polymers

Question 9

Source of short-term, readily available energy for cells

Answer 9

Carbs

Question 10

Most commonly found in the body as glucose (“blood sugar”)

Answer 10

Carbs

Question 11

Plants use __________ for long-term energy storage (starch) and to form their structures (cellulose)

Answer 11

Carbs

Question 12

Removing H20 to join monomers into polymers

Answer 12

Dehydration synthesis

Question 13

Adding H20 to break biomolecules (AKA macromolecules) down into monomers

Answer 13

Hydrolysis

Question 14

Serve as long-term energy storage in the form of fat in animals

Answer 14

Lipids

Question 15

Cell membranes are composed of mainly __________

Answer 15

Phospholipids

Question 16

Lipids are made of __________

Answer 16

C, H, and O

Question 17

Looks like a jellyfish :)

Answer 17

Lipids

Question 18

Simple lipids are also known as __________

Answer 18

Triglycerides

Question 19

Make up much of the body structure of humans and other animals

Answer 19

Proteins

Question 20

Proteins contain mostly __________

Answer 20

C, H, O, and N

Question 21

A protein is a chain of __________ monomers folded into a 3D shape

Answer 21

Amino acid

Question 22

Looks like a stick figure :)

Answer 22

Protein polymer

Question 23

__________ hold the cellular instructions for life

Answer 23

Nucleic acids

Question 24

DNA and RNA are examples of __________________

Answer 24

Nucleic acids

Question 25

Nucleic acids are composed of __________

Answer 25

C, H, O, N, and P

Question 26

Nucleic acid monomers are known as __________

Answer 26

Nucleotides

Question 27

Carb monomers from food are converted to __________

Answer 27

Glucose

Question 28

Leftover glucose is converted to __________ for long term storage

Answer 28

Fat (lipids)

Question 29

Any substance that speeds up a chemical reaction

Answer 29

Catalyst

Question 30

Biological catalysts made of protein are known as __________

Answer 30

Enzymes

Question 31

An enzyme's main function is __________

Answer 31

Increasing the rate of a reaction

Question 32

The amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction to take place

Answer 32

Activation energy

Question 33

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by

Answer 33

Lowering the energy requirement

Question 34

One type of enzyme only works with one __________

Answer 34

Substrate

Question 35

Enzymes lower activation energy by

Answer 35

Reorienting molecules into an ideal position and/or putting stress on existing bonds, allowing them to be more easily broken

Question 36

The more substrate is available, the __________ a given number of molecules can be converted enzymatically

Answer 36

Faster

Question 37

When all available enzymes are busy working, overall reaction rate [can/cannot] increase any further

Answer 37

Cannot

Question 38

Small deviations in __________ can cause enzyme function to slow down

Answer 38

pH or temperature

Question 39

Drastic change in pH or increase in temperature for an enzyme can cause __________

Answer 39

Denaturation

Question 40

Denaturation is when

Answer 40

Protein structure of an enzyme is damaged, changing its shape