Pectoralis Major
Origin: Medial clavicle, sternum, & ribs 1-6
Insertion: Intertubercular groove of humerus
Action: Shoulder adduction and arm rotation
Pectoralis Minor
Origin: Ribs 3-5
Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula
Action: Depression and downward scapular rotation
Serratus Anterior
Origin: Posterior surface of ribs 1-8
Insertion: Anterior medial border of scapula
Action: Scapular abduction
Upper Trapezius
Origin: Superior nuchal line of occipital bone & spinous process of C7
Insertion: Lateral clavicle, acromion of scapula, & spine of scapula
Action: Neck/head rotation & scapular elevation
Lower Trapezius
Origin: Spinous process of T4-T12
Insertion: Lateral clavicle, acromion of scapula, & spine of scapula
Action: Depression, scapular adduction, and upward rotation of scapula
Latissimus Dorsi
Origin: Spinous process of T7-T12, ribs 9-12, & thoracolumbar aponeurosis
Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus
Action: Shoulder adduction, shoulder extension, & internal rotation of shoulder
Rhomboid Major
Origin: Spinous process of T2-T5
Insertion: Medial border of scapula
Action: Scapular adduction and downward rotation of scapula
Anterior Deltoid
Origin: Lateral clavicle, acromion of scapula, & spine of scapula
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: Shoulder abduction
Middler Deltoid
Origin: Lateral clavicle, acromion of scapula, & spine of scapula
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: Shoulder abduction
Posterior Deltoid
Origin: Lateral clavicle, acromion of scapula, & spine of scapula
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: Shoulder abduction
Subscapularis
Origin: Fossa of scapula
Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus
Action: Medial rotation of shoulder
Supraspinatus
Origin: Fossa of scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus
Action: Shoulder abduction
Infraspinatus
Origin: Infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus
Action: Shoulder adduction and lateral shoulder rotation
Teres Minor
Origin: Superior lateral border of scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus
Action: Shoulder adduction and lateral shoulder rotation
Teres Major
Origin: Posterior surface of scapula
Insertion: Intertubercular groove of humerus
Action: Shoulder adduction and internal shoulder rotation
Biceps Brachii (Long Head)
Origin: Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Insertion: Radial tuberosity
Action: Elbow flexion, forearm supination, & shoulder flexion
Biceps Brachii (Short Head)
Origin: Coracoid process of scapula
Insertion: Bicipital aponeurosis
Action: Elbow flexion, forearm supination, and shoulder flexion
Brachialis
Origin: Distal anterior humerus
Insertion: Coronoid process of ulna
Action: Elbow flexion
Triceps Brachii (Long Head)
Origin: Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna
Action: Elbow extension, shoulder extension, shoulder adduction
Triceps Brachii (Lateral Head)
Origin: Posterior surface of proximal humerus
Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna
Action: Elbow extension
Triceps Brachii (Medial Head)
Origin: Posterior surface of distal humerus
Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna
Action: Elbow extension
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Base of metacarpals II & III
Action: Wrist flexion & abduction
Pronator Teres
Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus & coronoid process of ulna
Insertion: Lateral surface of radius
Action: Forearm pronation
Extensor Digitorum
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Middle and distal fingers II-V
Action: Extension of fingers II-V
