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DS1101 - S1 Y1 > Upper Limb > Flashcards

Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q
A

Subscapularis

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2
Q
A

Infraspinatus

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3
Q
A

teres minor

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4
Q
A

Teres major

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5
Q
A

Supraspinatus

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6
Q
A

Brachialis

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7
Q
A

Coracobrachialis

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8
Q
A

Triceps Brachii
left = long head
right = lateral head
Medial head is beneath

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9
Q
A

Biceps Brachii
lateral = long head
medial = short head

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10
Q
A

Pectoralis major

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11
Q
A

Deltoid

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12
Q

What’s the function of the supraspinatus

A
  • Abduction of the arm for the first 15 degrees
  • Stabilizes the glenohumeral joint (shoulder joint)
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13
Q

What’s the function of the infraspinatus

A
  • Lateral rotation of arm
  • stabilization of glenohumeral joint (shoulder joint)
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14
Q

What’s the function of the teres minor

A
  • lateral rotation of arm
  • stabilization of glenohumeral joint (shoulder joint)
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15
Q

What’s the function of the long head of triceps brachii

A
  • extension of the forearm at the elbow joint
  • adductor and extensor of the arm at glenohumeral joint
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16
Q

What’s the function of coracobrachialis

A
  • flexes the shoulder
  • adducts the arm
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17
Q

What’s the function of the biceps brachii

A
  • flexor of the forearm at elbow joint
  • supinator of the forearm
  • accessory flexor of the arm at the glenohumeral joint
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18
Q

What’s the function of the brachialis

A

Fexes the elbow

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19
Q
A

Subclavian artery

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20
Q
A

Axillary artery

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21
Q
A

Brachial Artery

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22
Q
A

Radial Artery

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23
Q
A

Ulnar Artery

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24
Q

What are the deep veins

A

The deep veins follows an artery - taking the same name
- Axillary vein
- Brachial vein
- Ulnar vein
- Radial vein

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25
Q
A

Radial Nerve

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26
Q
A

Median nerve

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27
Q
A

Ulnar nerve

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28
Q
A

Radial nerve

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29
Q
A

Axillary nerve

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30
Q
A

Radial nerve

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31
Q
A

Ulnar nerve

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32
Q
A

Musculocutaneous Nerve

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33
Q

What are the main nerves in the forearm

A

Axillary nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve
Median nerve
Radial nerve
Ulnar nerve

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34
Q

What does the axillary nerve innervate

A

deltoid and teres minor muscle

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35
Q

What does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate

A

biceps, most of the brachialis and coracobrachialis

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36
Q

What does the median nerve innervate

A

Innervates the pronator teres

majority of the muscles in the anterior forearm, and some in the wrist and hand
Its involved in flexing and pronating the forearm and wrist

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37
Q

What does the radial nerve innervate

A

3 triceps brachii and some of the hand

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38
Q

What does the ulnar nerve innervate

A

flexor muscles of the forearm such as the flexor carpi ulnaris

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39
Q

What is the floor of the cubital fossa

A

Brachialis

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40
Q

What is the roof of the cubital fossa

A

Skin and superficial facia

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41
Q

What are the boarders of the cubital fossa

A

lateral = Brachioradialis Muscle
medial = Pronator teres muscle

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42
Q

What are the main contents of the cubital fossa

A

Bicep brachii tendon
brachial artery
median nerve
median cubital vein (between cephalic vein and basilic vein)

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43
Q

What is the origin of the coracobrachialis

A

coracoid process

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44
Q

What is the insertion of the coracobrachialis

A

Humerus

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45
Q

What is the origin of the brachialis

A

Humerus

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46
Q

What is the insertion of the brachialis

A

coronoid process (ulna) and ulna tuberosity (ulna)

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47
Q

What is the origin of the long head triceps brachii

A

Infraglenoid tubercle (scapula)

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48
Q

What is the origin of the lateral and medial heads of the triceps brachii

A

Humerus

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49
Q

What is the insertion of the triceps brachii

A

olecranon (ulna)

50
Q

What is the origin of the long head of the biceps brachii

A

supraglenoid tubercle (scapula)

51
Q

What is the origin of the short head of the biceps brachii

A

coracoid process (scapula)

52
Q

What is the insertion of the biceps brachii

A

radial tuberosity (radius)

53
Q

What is the origin of the deltoid

A

Spine of the scapula
acromion
clavicle

54
Q

What is the insertion of the deltoid

A

deltoid tuberosity (humerus)

55
Q

What is the origin of the teres major

A

inferior angle (scapula)

56
Q

What is the insertion of the teres major

A

intertubercular groove (humerus)

57
Q

What is the origin of supraspinatus

A

supraspinous fossa (scapula)

58
Q

What is the insertion of the supraspinatus

A

greater tubercle (humerus)

59
Q

What is the origin of the infraspinatus

A

infraspinous fossa (scapula)

60
Q

what is the insertion of the infraspinatus

A

greater tubercle (humerus)

61
Q

What is the origin of the teres minor

A

lateral border (scapula)

62
Q

What is the insertion of the teres minor

A

greater tubercle (humerus)

63
Q

What is the origin of the subscapularis

A

subscapular fossa (scapula)

64
Q

What is the insertion of the subscapularis

A

lesser tubercle (humerus)

65
Q

What is the main function of the deltoid

A

Abduction of the humerus

66
Q

What nerve passes around the posterior aspect of the upper part of the humerus (surgical neck)

A

Axillary nerve

67
Q

What nerve passes diagonally around the posterior surface of the middle of the humerus in the radial groove

A

Radial nerve

68
Q

What nerve pronates the forearm

A

median nerve

69
Q

What nerve is ultimately destined for the hand, and passes posteriorly to the medial epicondyle, on the medial side of the distal end of the humerus.

A

Ulnar nerve

70
Q

What nerve travels in between the medial and lateral heads of the triceps

A

Radial

71
Q

What is the funny bone

A

Medial epicondyle - ulnar nerve

72
Q

What are the superficial veins (4)

A

Axillary Vein
Cephalic Vein
Basilic Vein
Median Cubital Vein

73
Q

What’s the function of veins

A

To collect oxygen poor blood and return it to the heart.

74
Q

What is the Axilla

A

Anatomical region under the shoulder joint where the arm connects to the shoulder.
It contains important vascular, nervous, lymphatic and muscular structures

75
Q

What’s in the Axilla

A
  • Axillary artery
  • Axillary Vein
  • Brachial Plexus
  • Axillary lymph nodes
  • Head of biceps brachii and coracobrachialis
76
Q

What is the anterior wall of the axilla

A

Pectorales major and minor

77
Q

What is the posterior wall of the axilla

A

Subscapularis superiorly
and long head of triceps brachii
Teres major and latissimus dorsi inferiorly

78
Q

What is the medial wall of the axilla

A

Upper thoracic wall (first 4 ribs and intercostal muscle)
Serratus anterior muscle

79
Q

What is the lateral wall of the axilla

A

intertubercular sulcus

80
Q

What is the inlet of the axilla (roof)

A

lateral margin of rib 1
Clavicle
Superior margin of scapula to coracoid process

81
Q

What is the floor of the axilla

A

Skin of armpit
Open laterally into arm

82
Q

What is the brachial plexus

A

Group of nerves that stem from spinal nerves and forms the major nerves that innervate the arm

83
Q

What’s the naming convention for spinal nerves

A

C1-C7 exit vertebral canal superior to the vertebrae
C8 emerges inferior to C7 vertebra
All other nerves exist inferior to vertebra that they take their name from

84
Q

What are dermatomes

A

Area of skin innervated by a specific spinal nerve root.
These can be used to test for sensation to determine what nerve roots have been damaged

85
Q

What are myotomes

A

A group of muscles that are innervated by a single spinal nerve.
These can be used to test for movement to determine what nerve roots have been damaged

86
Q

What is Lymph

A

Colour-less fluid containing white blood cells which carries away waste products, excess fluid and pathogens from the tissues through the lymphatic system, into the blood stream

87
Q

What is lymphatic system

A

System of vessels, tissues and organs that work together to transport lymph through the body
Function:
- collect lymph
- filter lymph
- immunity

88
Q

What nerve pronates the forearm

A

Median nerve

89
Q

What muscle pronates the forearm

A

Brachioradialis muscle (lateral boarder of the cubital fossa)

90
Q
A

cephalic vein

91
Q
A

median cubital vein

92
Q
A

Basilic vein

93
Q
A

Cephalic vein

94
Q
A

Axillary vein

95
Q
A

Circumduction

96
Q
A

adduction

97
Q
A

Extension

98
Q
A

Flexion

99
Q
A

Abduction

100
Q
A

Pronation

101
Q
A

Supination

102
Q

What are the 3 main functions of the lymphatics

A
  • collect lymph
  • filter lymph
  • for immunity (contains white blood cells)
103
Q

What are the intrinsic shoulder muscles

A
  • rotator cuff muscles
  • deltoid
    -teres major
104
Q

What vertebrae supplies the musculocutaneous nerve

A

C5 - C7

105
Q

What vertebrae supplies the median nerve

A

C6 to C8, T1

106
Q

What vertebrae supplies the radial nerve

A

C5 to C8, T1

107
Q

What vertebrae supplies the ulnar nerve

A

C(7), C8, T1

108
Q

What vertebrae supplies the nerves of the upper arm

A

C5 - C8, T1

109
Q
A
110
Q

Where in the forearm does the radial nerve pass/travel

A

Radial nerve passes in between long and medial heads of triceps brachii
It also passes around the humerous’s radial groove
Passes down the radial groove on the back of the humorous

111
Q

Where in the forearm does the median nerve travel

A

enters the forearm between the 2 heads of pronator teres, separated from the ulnar artery by the ulnar head

112
Q

Where in the forearm does the musculocutaneous nerve travel

A

Musculocutaneous nerve pierces coracobrachialis (or may run behind it) then it descends laterally between biceps brachii and brachialis to the lateral side of the arm

113
Q

Where in the forearm does the ulnar nerve travel

A

descends anterior to the medial head of triceps to the interval between the medial epicondyle and the olecranon

114
Q

Where does the axillary artery begin

A

begins at the outer border of the first rib

115
Q

Where does the axillary artery end and become the brachial artery

A

ends normally at the inferior border of teres major

116
Q

What is the impact of a afferent lesion

A

either diminished or absence of nerves or muscle movement
- sensory loss
- damage/pressure - tingling, itching, pain

117
Q

What is the impact of efferent lesions

A

It impulses can’t reach muscles it results in paralysis
Loss of spinal reflexes
Muscle becomes flaccid and atrophies if no regeneration occurs

118
Q

What are the compartment of the arm divided by

A

skeletal muscles are grouped based on function together with their nerves and blood vessels

119
Q

What are the compartments of the arm

A
  • Flexor/anterior compartment muscles
  • Extensor/posterior compartment muscles
120
Q

What is apart of the flexor/anterior compartment of the arm

A
  • biceps brachii
  • brachialis
  • Brachioradialis
  • Coracobrachialis
    Nerves
  • median nerve
  • ulnar nerve
  • musculocutaneous nerve
  • radial nerve
121
Q

What is in the extensor/posterior compartment of the arm

A
  • triceps brachii
    nerve
  • radial nerve
122
Q

what separates the 2 compartments of the arm

A

interosseous membrane

DS1101 - S1 Y1 (49 decks)

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