Week 5 - Joints Flashcards
What are joints
Joints also known as articulation are structures where 2 bones meet, providing mobility, flexibility and structure.
Joints are the sites where 2 skeletal elements come together.
What are the different types of joints
- Fibrous
- Cartilaginous
- Synovial
What are fibrous joints
Bones - Fibrous tissue - Bone
Provides little to no movement
Examples of Fibrous Joints
- sutures e.g. the “seams” that only occur in the skull
- gomphoses - attach the teeth to their sockets in the jaws
- syndesmoses - connects the fibula and tibia in the leg
What are the different types of cartilaginous joints
- Primary cartilaginous
- Secondary cartilaginous
What are primary cartilaginous joints
AKA = Symphysis
Bone - Cartilage - Bone
Provides little movement, protection (shock absorbers)
What are secondary cartilaginous
AKA = Symphyses
Bone - Cartilage - Fibrocartilage - cartilage - Bone
The fibrocartilage is compressible/resilient and acts as a shock absorber
*All secondary lie in the mid line - the middle of the body e.g. vertebra column
Example of Primary cartilaginous joints
- Epiphyseal plate
- Joint between first rib and sternum (immovable)
Example of Symphyses (singlular:symphysis) (secondary cartilaginous joints)
- Fibrocartilaginous intervertebral disc
- Pubic symphysis (between the 2 pubic bones)
What are synovial joints
Bone - Cartilage - Synovial cavity - cartilage - bone
Synovial joints are connections between skeletal components where the elements involved are separated by a narrow articular cavity
- Most joints are in this category
- Articular bones separated by a fluid filled cavity
- Allow sliding, rolling and twisting movements
Articular capsule
Hyaline cartilage - covers the articulating surfaces of the bone
joint cavity (contains synovial fluid)
Ligament
What are the different classes of synovial joints (3)
- Uniaxial (around 1 axis)
- Biaxial (around 2 axes at 90 degrees to one another)
- Multiaxial (around many axes)
What are hinge joints
- uniaxial synovial joint
- Allows flexion and extension
e.g. elbow, ankle
What are pivot joints
- uniaxial synovial joint
- allows rotation movement
- Cylindrical process in ring of bone/ligament
e.g. superior radio-ulnar, atlanto-axial
What are Condyloid Joints
- Biaxial synovial joints
- allows flexion, extension, abduction and adduction movements
- convex face in concave depression
- “egg in spoon”
e.g. knuckle joints, wrist joint
What are Saddle joints
- Biaxial synovial joints
- Allows flexion and extension, abduction and adduction and circumduction (circular)
- 2 convex and concave surfaces
e.g. between carpal and metacarpal at thumb
What are Ball and Socket Joints
- Multiaxial synovial joints
- allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, external rotation, internal rotation and circumduction
- round head + cup-shaped depression
e.g. shoulder, hip joint
What are plane/gliding joints
- Multiaxial synovial joints
- Allow sliding r gliding movements when one bone moves across the surface of another
- flattened/slightly curved surfaces
e.g. carpals, tarsals
