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DS1101 - S1 Y1 > Week 2 - Cells, Tissues, Organs > Flashcards

Week 2 - Cells, Tissues, Organs Flashcards

1
Q

What is Tissue

A

A group of cells that shares a common structure and features and are arranged in a patter

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2
Q

What are the types of tissue (4)

A
  • Epithelial Tissue
  • Connective Tissue
  • Nervous Tissue (excitable tissue)
  • Muscle Tissue (excitable tissue)
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3
Q

What is Epithelial tissue

A

sheets of cells which cover the exterior surfaces of the body, lines internal cavities and passageways and forms certain glands

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4
Q

What are the cell junctions (3) - in Epithelial tissue

A
  • Tight Junction
  • Gap Junction
  • Anchoring Junction
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5
Q
A

Tight junction

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6
Q
A

Anchoring Junction

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7
Q
A

Gap Junction

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8
Q

What is a tight junction

A
  • Prevents molecules from passing between cells
  • Forms continuous seal around the cell
  • stops viral infections
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9
Q

What are anchoring junctions (desmosomes)

A
  • Acts like velcro
  • Holds tissue together but doesn’t prevent the movement of molecules between them
  • More flexible than tight
  • Found in skin and heart since they have to move but have to hold together
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10
Q

What are gap junctions

A
  • a intercellular passageway between cells which allows the movement of small molecules and ions
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11
Q
A

Simple Squamous

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12
Q
A

Stratified Squamous

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13
Q
A

Simple Cuboidal

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14
Q
A

Stratified Cuboidal

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15
Q
A

Simple Columnar

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16
Q
A

Stratified Columnar epithelium

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17
Q
A

Pseudostratified Columnar

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18
Q

Function of simple squamous

A
  • Commonly involved in diffusion, osmosis, filtration, absorption or transport of materials
  • allows for fast gas exchange (less distance for diffusion)
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19
Q

Example of simple squamous

A

alveoli of lungs

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20
Q

Function of stratified squamous epithelium

A

Protects against abrasion
- can secrete mucus to lubricate
- easily replaced

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21
Q

Example of stratified squamous

A

Skin, mouth, esophagus

22
Q

Function of simple cuboidal

A

These epithelia are active in the secretion and absorptions of molecules.

23
Q

Example of simple cuboidal

A

Simple cuboidal epithelia are observed in the lining of the kidney tubules and in the ducts of glands.

24
Q

Function of stratified cuboidal

A

Protective tissue, excretion, secretion

25
Q

Example of stratified cuboidal

A

sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands

26
Q

Function of simple columnar

A
  • this epithelium is active in the absorption and secretion of molecules
  • Provides an impermeable barrier against any bacteria that could be ingested but is permeable to any necessary ions
  • very good at absorbing nutrients due to microvilli
  • Can specialize in secreting mucus that coats and protects the surrounding surface from damage
27
Q

Example of simple columnar

A

digestive tract and parts of the female reproductive tract.

28
Q

Function of stratified columnar

A

Secretes and protects

29
Q

Example of stratified columnar

A

urethra (male and female) and the duct of some glands

30
Q

Function of pseudostratified columnar

A

secrete mucus

31
Q

Example of pseudostratified columnar

A

Exclusively to the respiratory system.
bronchi, trachea and much of the upper respiratory tract where some of these cells have cilia.

32
Q

What is transitional epithelium

A

Epithelium which changes its shape
Appears thicker and more multi-layered when bladder is empty, and more stretched out and less stratified when bladder is full and distended

33
Q

Where would you find transitional epithelium

A

Only found in urinary system/Bladder - expands when full and shrinks when empty

34
Q

What are the types of glands

A
  • Endocrine glands
  • Exocrine glands
35
Q

What are examples of endocrine glands

A

Pituitary, thyroid and adrenal glands (adrenalin)
- normally releases hormones

36
Q

What are examples of ectocrine glands

A

sweat (eccrine, apocrine), salivary (parotid papilla, submandibular duct, sublingal gland)

37
Q

What is connective tissue

A

Tissue which binds and holds tissue and organs together

38
Q

The function of connective tissue

A
  • support and protect
  • connect other tissues
  • transport
39
Q

What are the components of the tissue matrix (3)

A
  • cells
  • gels (ground substances)
  • fibers
40
Q

What are the types of fibers in connective tissue

A

Collagen fibres
Elastic fibres
Reticular fibres

41
Q

Function of collagen fibres in tissue

A

provides structure and strength

42
Q

Function of elastic fibres

A

Can bound back and provides elasticity and flexibility

43
Q

What are the broad categories of connective tissue

A
  • Connective tissue proper
  • Supportive connective tissue
  • Fluid connective tissue
44
Q

What is connective tissue proper and subclasses

A
  • tissue which anchors, holds and binds organs in the body
  • Loose connective tissue (loosely arranged)
  • Dense connective tissue (densely packed)
45
Q

What is supportive connective tissue and subclasses

A
  • supports the structure of your body
  • cartilage
  • bone
46
Q

What is fluid connective tissue

A
  • blood
  • lymph
47
Q

What are the excitable tissue (2)

A
  • Nervous tissue
  • Muscle tissue
48
Q

what are excitable tissues

A

Tissues which conduct electrical impulses to generate action potentials.

49
Q

What are Microvilli

A
  • Small fingerlike projections found in the small intestine
  • They increase the cell surface for easier and faster nutrient absorption
50
Q

What are Cilia

A
  • Hair like extensions of the plasma membrane into the extracellular fluid
  • found on pseudostratified columnar epithelium and simple columnar epithelium
  • There is motile and non-motile cilia

Cilia are microscopic extensions of the apical cell membrane that are supported by microtubules.
They often beat in unison and move fluids as well as trapped particles.

The ciliated epithelium of your airway forms a mucociliary escalator that sweeps particles of dust and pathogens trapped in the secreted mucous toward the throat. It is called an escalator because it continuously pushes mucous with trapped particles upward.

51
Q

What are motile cilia

A
  • they beat in a coordinated, whip-like manner to sweeps particles of dust and pathogens trapped in the secreted mucous toward the throat

DS1101 - S1 Y1 (49 decks)

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