Urban issues and challenges (Lagos) Flashcards
(192 cards)
1
Q
Define urbanisation
A
proportion of people living in urban areas
2
Q
What is the urban population trend in HICs?
A
already done urbanisation
so rate is low
3
Q
What is the urban population trend in LICs?
A
low urban population
high rate of urbanisation
4
Q
What is the urban population trend in NEEs?
A
50% urban population
rate of urbanisation is dependent
5
Q
What is an HIC?
A
high income country
6
Q
What is an LIC?
A
low income country
7
Q
What is an NEE?
A
new emerging economy
8
Q
Give examples of HICs
A
Japan
UK
9
Q
Give examples of LICs
A
Ethiopia
Afghanistan
10
Q
Give examples of NEEs
A
Brazil
Nigeria
11
Q
What is rural-urban migration?
A
movement of population from rural to urban areas
12
Q
What is special about urbanisation in HICs?
A
population chose to do urban-rural migration
(move out of cities)
13
Q
Give examples of pull factors
A
jobs - higher paid
infrastructure - healthcare, education
improved quality of life
14
Q
Give examples of push factors
A
natural disasters
conflict/oppression
mechanisation - unemployment
15
Q
How do push factors lead to urbanisation?
A
encourage people to leave the area
16
Q
How do pull factors lead to urbanisation?
A
encourage people to move to the area
17
Q
What is natural increase?
A
birth rate exceeds death rate
18
Q
Why does natural increase occur in urban areas?
A
migrants are young
healthcare
19
Q
What is a megacity?
A
city with 10 million people +
20
Q
Where is Lagos located?
A
South West coast of NIGERIA
21
Q
What does Lagos border?
A
Gulf of Guinea
22
Q
What is Lagos’ importance regionally?
A
Eko Atlantic
infrastructure
airport
23
Q
What is Lagos’ importance nationally?
A
industry
port
finance
Nollywood
24
Q
What is Lagos’ importance internationally?
A
economy
airport
port
25
How many flights to Lagos airport provide arrival point to West Africa?
80%
26
How much of Lagos' exports go through Apapa port?
70% of exports
27
What is the name of the port in Lagos?
Apapa port
28
How much of Lagos' imports go through Apapa port?
80% of imports
29
How much of Nigeria's industrial and commercial activity does Lagos do?
60% of industrial and commercial activity
30
What is the name of the Nigerian film industry based in Lagos?
Nollywood
31
What centre is located in Lagos?
finance centre
32
How much of Nigeria's industry is in Lagos?
80%
33
How much of Nigeria's GDP is made by Lagos?
25%
34
How many people migrate to Lagos daily?
3000
35
Apapa port is the 5th...
....busiest port in West Africa
36
Lagos has the largest _____ market in West Africa.
ICT market
37
What is the promising new development being built in Lagos?
Eko Atlantic
38
How does the Lagos International Trade Fair show Lagos' international importance?
major interactional business forum with representatives from across Africa
39
In 2010, if Lagos had been a country it would have been the...
11th largest economy
40
How much area and population of Nigeria does Lagos make up?
area ; 0.4
population ; 10%
41
What are the social opportunities in Lagos?
healthcare
energy
education
transport
42
How is healthcare a social opportunity?
increases life expectancy
43
What does Nigerians view cities as?
access to basic healthcare
44
How is access to healthcare a push factor to Lagos?
elderly and children die of curable diseases in rural areas
45
Why do elderly and children die in rural areas?
poor
overcrowding
46
Name a hospital in Lagos
Genesis acute care Hospital
47
What is the negative to healthcare in Lagos?
not free healthcare
48
How is education a social opportunity in Lagos?
most schools and universities in Lagos
49
What do Nigerians see education as?
passport out of poverty
50
What is the negative of education in Lagos?
only free for young children in the poorest areas
51
How many universities does Lagos have?
10 universities
52
How is transport a social opportunity in Lagos?
integrated transport system
53
What is the Rail Line in Lagos called?
Lagos Blue Rail Line
54
How many passengers does the LBRL take daily?
250,000
55
What is the route of the LBRT?
Lagos mainland to Marina on Lagos Island
56
What does the integrated transport system of Lagos prevent?
congestion
57
How is water supply a social opportunity in Lagos?
rural areas walk miles to access water
58
What is the disadvantage of the water supply in Lagos?
unreliable source from vendors
59
What are the economic opportunities in Lagos?
informal sector
industrial areas
Lekki free trade Zone
secondary/tertiary industry
60
How does the secondary/tertiary industry benefit the government?
allows trade and export
allows tax
61
How does the secondary/tertiary industry benefit the local area?
disposable income - multiplier effect
tax improves infrastructure
afford education for children
62
Where in Nigeria are there jobs that only exist there?
Lagos
63
Give examples of jobs in the tertiary and secondary industry in Lagos
lawyers
computing
finance
business
64
Give examples of informal economy in Lagos
street vendors
recycling
65
What are the advantages of working in the informal sector?
income
no minimum wage
not taxed
66
What are the disadvantages of working in the informal sector?
dangerous conditions
no rights - holidays, insurance, time off
Gov cannot tax
67
Why is tax important in NEEs and LICs?
improve infrastructure
68
What happens as a result of the informal economy not having tax?
cannot break out of informal economy
69
Give an example of the informal economy in Lagos
Olusosun rubbish dump
70
What is the Olusosun rubbish dump an example of in Lagos?
informal economy
71
How many people work in the Olusosun rubbish dump?
500 workers
72
What do some workers do on the Olusosun rubbish dump?
live on site
73
What are some features of the Olusosun rubbish dump?
mosque
shops
bars
restaurants
74
How many tonnes of rubbish is collected daily at the Olusosun rubbish dump?
3000 tonnes daily
75
What are the advantages of the Olusosun rubbish dump?
- Lagosians save money on 2nd hand goods
- less waste
- rubbish can be turned into energy
76
Which organisation plans to turn methane gas on the Olusosun into energy?
Lagos State Waste Management Authority
77
How much energy could be produced from methane gas on Olusosun?
25MW
78
Give an example of an industrial area in Lagos
Aje oil fields
79
Where are the Aje oil fields?
off coast of Lagos
80
How many jobs created by the Lekki Free trade Zone?
100,000
81
What is the industrial area called in Lagos state?
Lekki Free Trade Zone
82
What sectors will 100,000 be created in by the LFTZ?
unskilled
semi-skilled
skilled
83
What will the 100,000 workers in the LFTZ have?
disposable income
84
What does a disposable income cause?
multiplier effect
85
What type of companies are encouraged to base head offices in Lagos by the LFTZ?
TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS
86
Why did the Makoko demolition happen?
political embarrassment
87
When did the Makoko demolition happen?
began 16 July 2016
88
When was the 72 hour quit notice of Makoko issued?
12 July 2016
89
How long was the quit notice of Makoko before the demolition?
72 hours
90
Who issued the 72 hour quit notice?
State Ministry of Waterfront Infrastructure Development
91
How many residents were left homeless by the Makoko demolition?
300,000 residents
92
How many residents were killed in the Makoko demolition?
1 resident
93
What are the economic challenges in Lagos?
traffic congestion
unemployment
94
What is the primary reason there are economic challenges in Lagos?
rapid population growth
95
How does traffic congestion affect the workplace in Lagos?
loss in work hours
late deliveries
unproductivity
TNCs dettered
96
How much money will be lost by 2030 as a result of traffic congestion in Lagos?
$21 billion
97
How does traffic congestion affect the government?
traffic accidents
pollution
poor infrastructure
98
What does unemployment lead to in Lagos?
crime
99
What is there nothing of in Lagos in terms on unemployment?
no unemployment benefit
100
How much of the workforce does the informal economy make up?
40%
101
Give examples of urban planning in Lagos
rent to own
floating school
Eko Atlantic
102
What is the rent to own scheme in Lagos?
affordable housing policy
103
Who benefits from the rent to own scheme in Lagos?
urban poor who want home ownership
104
What are the advantages of the rent to own scheme?
disposable income
secure
105
What can disposable income be spent on?
education
healthcare
food
106
How much of income does the average Lagosian spend on rent?
50%
107
What are the disadvantages of the rent to own scheme in Lagos?
long process
expensive
108
Why is the rent to own scheme a long process?
no immediate benefits
109
How many housing units have been made in the rent to own scheme?
5008
110
How many housing units need to be made in the rent to own scheme?
200,000 is goal
111
Where is the floating school?
Makoko
112
How is the floating school environmentally sustainable?
-local materials
-natural ventilation
-PV cells
-rainwater collected
-green space
113
How will the floating school with stand rising sea levels?
floatation platform
raised classroom
114
What are the disadvantages of the floating school?
susceptible to weather
115
When was the floating school destroyed?
June 2016
116
What destroyed the floating school?
rain storm
117
What are the advantages of the floating school for the people of Makoko?
-locals trained whilst building
-sustainable for future
-ownership
-meeting point
118
What are the advantages of the floating school for the government?
sustainable
improves education
119
What is the Eko Atlantic project?
plan to create a 24hour city
120
How many residents will Eko Atlantic have?
250,000
121
How many workers will Eko Atlantic have?
inhabitants + 150,000
122
How much land will be reclaimed for the Eko Atlantic project?
10 square km
123
What are advantages of Eko Atlantic?
- investment
- jobs
- publicity
- space
124
What are the environmental disadvantages of Eko Atlantic?
- water pollution
- marine life disrupted
- sand to reclaim not naturally replenished so will cause coastal erosion
125
What are the social disadvantages of Eko Atlantic?
- communities not consulted
- not all jobs permanent
- not for poor of Lagos
- pressure on local services
126
What has caused unemployment in Lagos?
rapid urbanisation
127
Why is unemployment a social challenge in Lagos?
there is no unemployment benefit
leads to crime
128
How many people are unemployed in Lagos?
less than 10%
129
Give examples of crime in Lagos
- scams/cyber frauds
- drugs, vandalism, theft
- kidnapping foreigners
130
Why is crime a social challenge?
caused by unemployment which is a result of urbanisation and lack of jobs
131
What contagious diseases spread in Lagos?
malaria
typhoid
dysentry
132
Why is healthcare in Lagos a social challenge?
- not free
- vaccinations or children not free
- investment cannot keep up with population growth
133
What are industries encouraged to do with universities?
make relevant courses
and create employment opportunities
134
Why is education in Lagos a social challenge?
- secondary schools are limited and private
- not enough universities
135
Where is free education provided for by the Government?
all young children in poorest areas
136
Where in Lagos is there no access to energy?
squatter settlements
137
What is the risk of using open drains and sewers?
Lagos Lagoon is polluted with raw sewage
138
What is the risk of using pit latrines?
polluted ground water
139
What does Lagosians use instead of toilets?
- pit latrines
- open drains + sewers
140
Why is sanitation a social challenge in Lagos?
squatter settlements
141
What is sanitation?
protection of public health through clean water and disposal of sewage
142
Why is water in Lagos polluted?
often laid with sewage pipes
143
Why is Lagos at risk of water pollution?
1. low lying
2. flat land
3. coastal
144
How big of a demand gap of water is there in Lagos?
330 millions gallons daily that is not supplied but demanded
145
How many Lagosians get water from a public vendor?
16%
146
How many Lagosians get water from a river?
4%
147
How many Lagosians get water from a well or borehole?
55%
148
How many Lagosians get water from a public tap?
14%
149
Why is water in Lagos such a big social challenge?
rapid urbanisation
150
How many Lagosians have access to clean, piped and purified water?
only 11%
151
What is a squatter settlement?
illegal settlement built on edge of city on undesirable land with scrap materials
152
Give an example of a squatter settlement in Lagos
Makoko
153
How is Makoko governed?
by local chiefs
154
Where is Makoko?
East Lagos
3rd mainland bridge and coast of mainland
155
How many people live in Makoko?
estimated to be around 85,000
156
How many houses in Makoko are built on stilts?
1/3
157
What are the opportunities in Makoko?
tourism
informal economy
floating school
158
What are the challenges in Makoko?
sanitation
unemployment
159
How many people share 1 toilet in Makoko?
15
160
How often do the people of Makoko get piped water supply?
2 hours a day
161
How many people of Makoko are unemployed?
19%
162
What sector is prevalent in Makoko?
informal economy
163
How many of Lagos' population live in slums?
65%
164
How many people in Lagos live in poverty?
1.7 million
165
What is the difference between poverty and urban poor?
poverty - worst
urban poor - not as bad as poverty
166
What causes environmental challenges?
squatter settlements
unregulated industry
pop. growth
167
How do squatter settlements cause environmental challenges?
- lack infrastructure
- water pollution
168
How does unregulated industry cause environmental challenges?
- water and air pollution
169
How does population growth cause environmental challenges?
- cannot improve infrastructure
- air pollution
170
How is waste disposal an environmental challenge?
no system of collection so hazard to human health
171
How much waste does Lagos produce a day?
13 million kilograms
172
Why is waste disposal an environmental challenge?
using 70s infrastructure when population was 1/5 of todays
173
What causes air pollution?
traffic congestion
174
What gas is there dangerous levels of in Lagos?
nitrous oxide
175
What is caused by air pollution?
particulate matter
- respiratory illnesses
176
Why is there water pollution in Lagos?
uncontrolled disposal of waste
177
What are the local of fleet of minibuses in Lagos called?
danfo
178
How many cars are registered in Lagos?
40% of cars
179
How much area does Lagos make up?
1% of area
180
How much on average does a Lagosian spend in traffic?
3 hours
181
How does traffic congestion lead to economic issues?
loss in man hours worked
delayed deliveries
fuel consumption
182
How much air pollution is there in Lagos?
5x recommended international limit
183
How many Lagosians are in accidents?
28 per 1000
184
How many more Lagosians are in car accidents than Europeans?
three times the amount
185
Which organisation is in charge of managing traffic congestion in Lagos?
Lagos Metropolitan Area Transport Authority
186
What did the LMATA create?
- Bus Rapid Transit
- Lagos Rail Mass Transit
187
How many passengers does the LRMT take daily?
250,000
188
What is the route of the LMRT?
27 km from Marina to Okokomaiko
189
How many passengers does the BRT take daily?
220,000
190
How many jobs did the BRT create?
2000
191
How much did air pollution reduce by as a result of the BRT?
13%
192
What are the problems with the BRT?
- only covers part of city
- traders and pedestrians use bus lanes instead
