Weather hazards and climate change Flashcards
(325 cards)
1
Q
Define weather
A
state of atmosphere at a particular place and time
including temperature, humidity and wind speed
2
Q
Define climate
A
weather conditions prevailing an area in general over a long period
3
Q
Define insolation
A
amount of solar radiation reaching an area
4
Q
Define latitude
A
angular distance north or south of the equator in degrees and minutes
5
Q
Define hazard risk
A
degree of likelihood that harm will be caused by a natural hazard
6
Q
Define natural hazard
A
natural event that has potential to case harm to people or area
7
Q
Define economic impact
A
impact that affects wealth of place or income
8
Q
Define environmental impact
A
impact that affects the natural world
9
Q
The earth’s atmosphere is in constant….
A
motion
10
Q
What is the motion of the atmosphere driven by?
A
energy received from the sun
11
Q
Where is there more energy from the sun?
A
the equator
12
Q
Where is there less energy from the sun?
A
the poles
13
Q
Why does insolation vary across the globe?
A
curvature of earth
14
Q
Explain how convection currents form
A
warm air rises causing low pressure
cold air sinks causing high pressure
15
Q
How is wind made?
A
air particles move from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure
16
Q
What are the three types of convection cell that make up the global atmospheric circulation model?
A
polar cell
ferrel cell
hadley cell
17
Q
What happens to air when it is heated and begins to rise?
A
- cools as it moves away from ground
- condenses as a result of colder temperatures
- clouds are formed and release precipitation
18
Q
What happens to air when it is cooled and begins to sink?
A
- belt of high pressure created
- air becomes warmer and drier
- a cool, dry climate is created
19
Q
What is the most important factor affecting climate?
A
latitude
20
Q
Why is latitude the most important factor affecting climate?
A
the Earth has a curved surface so the equator receives much more compared to polar latitudes
21
Q
Why does the equator receive a higher insolation?
A
insolation strikes at a right angle so energy is concentrated
strongly heated
22
Q
What happens to warmer air at the equator?
A
becomes less dense so rises to higher altitudes
23
Q
Why do the poles typically have cold climates?
A
low insolation received
results in higher pressure
air sinks to ground level and moves to equator
24
Q
What does the low pressure at the equator and high pressure at the poles create?
A
convection current
25
Where on the globe is their high air pressure?
polar latitudes
26
Where on the globe is their low air pressure?
the equator
27
What are jet streams?
high altitude currents of air
28
Which direction do jet streams flow in?
west to east
29
Why do jet streams flow west to east?
Coriolis effect
30
Define precipitation
moisture that falls from clouds in the sky
31
What are the characteristics of precipitation at the equator?
rainfall is high and constant all year
32
Why does the equator experience high and constant precipitation?
hot air rises and cools quickly so condenses into droplets of convectional rainfall
33
What are the characteristics of precipitation at the intertropical convergence zone?
bursts of torrential rain
tropical storms
34
Why does the intertropical convergence zone experience bursts of torrential rain and tropical storms?
hot air rises and creates area of low air pressure
this triggers precipitation
'wave' of low pressure causes high energy tropical storms
35
What are the characteristics of precipitation in Western Europe?
rainfall higher on the coasts
stormy conditions
36
Why does Western Europe experience rainfall and stormy conditions in coastal areas?
frontal
jet stream of Atlantic
37
What is a frontal climate?
where cold air from poles meets hot air from tropics
38
What are the characteristics of precipitation at the tropics?
arid conditions
39
Why do the tropics experience arid conditions?
dry air descends creating a high pressure
40
What are the characteristics of precipitation at the polar regions?
very low precipitation
snow
41
Why do the polar regions experience low precipitation and snow?
cold air has a limited ability to hold water vapour
solid because of cold
42
What is the Coriolis effect?
circulating air is deflected depending on hemisphere
43
Why does the Coriolis effect deflect wind to the east?
earth rotates faster at the equator because it is wider so has further to go in a day
44
What is a common trait of climate at areas of high air pressure?
constant or no precipitation
45
What is a common trait of climate at areas of low air pressure?
torrential rain
46
Define tropical storm
happen in tropical regions with low pressure and strong winds
move in a spiral direction around eye of the storm
winds are powerful
rainfall is heavy
47
What is the eye of the storm?
the calm central area
48
Where are topical storms found?
area of latitude
between equator and tropics
49
What are characteristics of tropical storms?
powerful winds
heavy rainfall
dissipates over land
50
What is the local name for a tropical storm in the Atlantic Ocean?
hurricane
51
What is the local name for a tropical storm in the Indian Ocean?
cyclone
52
What is the local name for a tropical storm in the Pacific Ocean?
typhoon
53
Why do tropical storms dissipate over land?
tropical storms get energy from the sea so when they reach a large land mass they cannot get energy and eventually run out and dissipate
54
What direction do tropical storms spin in the Northern hemisphere?
anti-clockwise
55
What direction do tropical storms spin in the Southern hemisphere?
clockwise
56
Why does the spin direction of tropical storms change depending on hemisphere?
Coriolis effect
57
How can we categorise tropical storms?
Saffir Simpson scale
58
What does Category 1 mean on the Saffir Simpson scale?
74-95 mph wind
main threat to life is flooding
limited damage
unanchored boats and mobile homes
59
What does Category 2 mean on the Saffir Simpson scale?
96-110 mph wind
damage to buildings
roofs, windows, doors
piers
trees
60
What does Category 3 mean on the Saffir Simpson scale?
111-129 mph wind
names for hurricane
storm surge
significant damage
61
What does Category 4 mean on the Saffir Simpson scale?
130-156 mph wind
structural failure
extend inland
62
What does Category 5 mean on the Saffir Simpson scale?
157+ mph wind
storm surge
complete structural failure
63
How many categories are there in the Saffir Simpson scale?
5
64
What are the causes for tropical storms?
ocean depths of 70m
sea temp above 27C
low wind shear
low latitudes
between summer and autumn
65
How does sea temperature above 27C lead to a tropical storm?
provides heat
causes air to rise rapidly
low air pressure created
latent heat powers the storm
66
How does ocean depths of 70m lead to a tropical storm?
provides moisture
67
How does low wind shear lead to a tropical storm?
wind is constant and doesn’t vary with height so allows tropical storms to rise to high levels without being torn apart
68
How does being at low latitudes lead to a tropical storm?
Coriolis effect is strong enough for the storms to spin
temperatures are higher so air and sea is heated quicker so air pressure is low
69
How does being in between summer and autumn lead to a tropical storm?
warmest seasons to encourage warmer air to rise quicker in account of the low pressure
70
How do tropical storms form?
1. sun's solar radiation warms oceans in tropics
2. warms to 27C
3. warm moist air rises through thermals creating low pressure at centre of storm
4. air cools as it rises causing condensation
5. some cooled air sinks to create the eye
6. air rushes in from higher pressure areas to lower pressure areas which creates storm winds
7. storm rotates due to earth's spin
71
Where does the sun's solar radiation warm?
oceans in the tropics
72
What temperature does the sea need to be warmed to for tropical storms to form?
27
73
What does the 27 temperature of the sea cause when forming a tropical storm?
warm moist air rises through thermals
low pressure created at centre of storm
74
What happens to the air after is has been heated in the forming of a tropical storm?
cools as it rises
condensation
clouds and rain
75
76
How much does the air cool by as it rises in the forming of a tropical storm?
1 degree per 100m
77
What creates the eye of the storm?
some air cools and sinks
78
What creates storm winds of a tropical storm?
air rushes from higher pressure to lower pressure
79
Why causes tropical storms to rotate?
Earth's spin
80
How will climate change impact distribution of tropical storms?
more areas will experience storms
81
Why will climate change impact distribution of tropical storms?
sea temperature rise in other places
82
How will climate change impact intensity of tropical storms?
significant areas will experience stronger storms
83
Why will climate change impact intensity of tropical storms?
global temperature increase - more energy available as fuel
84
How will climate change impact frequency of tropical storms?
big storms get bigger
smaller storms more common
85
What does the Saffir Simpson scale measure?
intensity of tropical storms
86
Why will climate change impact frequency of tropical storms?
global temperature increase - more energy available
87
What is a primary effect?
initial impact of natural event on people and property caused directly by tropical storm
88
What is a secondary effect?
after effects that occur indirect to impacts of natural event, on a longer timescale
89
What are some primary effects of tropical storms?
injuries/deaths
buildings destroyed
drowning
flooding
90
What are some secondary effects of tropical storms?
food shortage
homelessness
electric supplies cut off
sewage released
contaminated water
aid blocked by debris
unemployment
91
When do immediate responses occur?
before landfall
directly after event
92
What is a long term response?
preparing for future storms
repairing
93
Give examples of immediate responses
evacuation
medical support
shelters
water and food
recover bodies
aid from NGOs
94
What is a NGO?
non governmental organisation
95
What factors might affect immediate responses?
size of area
scale of event
preparation/protection
debris on road
96
What factors might affect long term responses?
density and size of area
knowledge
economy
domestic supplies
transport infrastructure
97
Give examples of long term responses?
rebuilding
rehousing
repairing
improvements
provide grants
98
What is the monitoring of tropical storms?
recording physical change
99
What is the predicting of tropical storms?
forecast when and where based on current knowledge
100
What is the protection against tropical storms?
reduce impact of storm
101
What is the planning against tropical storms?
response and recovery
102
How does monitoring reduce the impact of tropical storms?
indicate whether a tropical storm intensify
helps protection and planning
103
Give examples of monitoring of tropical storms
- NASA monitors weather across Atlantic in 2 unmanned aircraft called Global Hawk drones
- Global Precipitation Measurement
104
What are the Global Hawk drones?
2 unmanned aircraft used by NASA to monitor weather across Atlantic
105
What is the Global Precipitation Measurement?
satellite that monitors high altitude rain clouds every 3 hours to indicate how a tropical storm will intensify over the next 24hours
106
How does predicting reduce the impact of tropical storms?
predicted pathway of tropical storm
helps planning and protection
107
Give examples of predicting tropical storms
track forecast cones
supercomputers
GIS doppler
108
What are track forecast cones?
plot path of storm with 70% accuracy
109
What are supercomputers?
give 5 days warning and predict warning within 400km
110
What is the GIS Doppler?
early warnings issued by national hurricane centres
111
How does protection reduce the impact of tropical storms?
develops defences
112
Give examples of protection against tropical storms
reinforcing buildings
coastal flood defences
no build zones
113
How does planning reduce the impact of tropical storms?
make preparations
114
Give examples of planning against tropical storms
supply kits
evacuation shelters
education
battery powered weather radio
insurance
115
Define extreme weather
an especially severe unseasonal weather event significantly different from average weather pattern
116
What extreme weather is the UK likely to experience?
heatwaves
storms
117
What extreme weather is the UK unlikely to experience?
hurricane
tsunami
tornado
118
Name extreme weather types
storm surge
gale
cold
heatwave
storms
landslide
blizzards
drought
fluvial/coastal flooding
119
What impacts does extreme weather have?
schools and businesses close
crops damaged
livestock die
councils spend money on gritting
injuries
120
What impacts does gales have?
infrastructure damaged
fallen trees - blocked roads
121
What impacts does thunderstorms have?
fires, electrical surges, deaths, building damage
122
What impacts does heatwaves cause?
deaths - dehydration
transport disrupted
crops damage
livestock die
123
What impacts does drought cause?
crop failure
water conservation regulations
124
What does crop failure cause?
food prices rise
farmers lose money
rely on food imports
starvation (LIC)
125
What impacts does heavy rain cause?
flash floods
infrastructure damaged
crops damaged
livestock die
repairs expensive
insurance denied to high flood risk areas
126
What makes up infrastrucutre?
buildings
transport
communication links
energy supplies
127
How would you support that you strongly agree with 'weather in the UK is becoming more extreme'?
10 hottest years in last 20 years
July 2022 record breaking temp ; 43.3C
average lentgh of more than doubled
128
When have the last 10 hottest years occured?
last 20 years
129
How long was it 34C for during the day?
6 consecutive days
130
How many consecutive tropical nights were there?
4
131
What is a tropical night?
stays above 20C
132
How often did heatwaves used to occur and how often do heatwaves occur now?
1000 days
now 200 days
133
How would you support that you somewhat agree with 'weather in the UK is becoming more extreme'?
0.2C increase 2012->2021
60% more extreme rain events
met office published ; warmer, wetter, sunnier than 19th century
134
How much did the average temperature increase by between 2012 and 2021?
0.2C
135
In percentage, how many more extreme rain events?
60%
136
What did the Met Office publish about the change in weather since the century?
10% warmer, wetter, sunnier
137
How would you support that you somewhat disagree with 'weather in the UK is becoming more extreme'?
2021 had less rainfall than normal
5% less ground and air frosts
138
Did 2021 have less/same/more rainfall than normal?
less
139
By how much percent did the UK have less ground and air frosts
5%
140
How would you support that you strongly disagree with 'weather in the UK is becoming more extreme'?
none of the coldest years have been recorded in this century
no evidence for stronger winds
141
None of the ______ years have been recorded in this century
coldest
142
There is no evidence for...
the UK experiencing stronger winds than before
143
What has happened to precipitation?
no change annually BUT
more winter rain since 1980s
144
What has happened to river flow?
frequency and magnitude of winter flooding has increased since 1980s
145
What has happened to evaporation?
not sure if evaporation has increased BUT temperature has increased by 1C since 1980s
146
Define quaternary period
2.6 million years ago to today
147
Define glacial period
period lasting 100,000 when global climate was colder and ice sheets covered continental areas
148
Define interglacial period
period lasting 100,000 years when ice sheets retreated to poles
149
Define climate change
long term shifts in weather patterns
150
Give evidence that climate change has happened and is happening
sea level rise
ice melting
incr. freq in extreme weather events
decline in species
mitigation of biodiversity poleward
151
What is glacial retreat?
glacier's snout is retreating
152
According the IPCC, how much has sea level risen by?
between 10 and 20cm in last 100 years
153
What two reasons cause sea level rise?
1. ocean water expands in volume
2. water frozen in glaciers, melts
153
Give examples of long term climate change evidence
ice cores
pollen analysis
154
Give examples of medium term climate change evidence
historical records
tree rings
155
Give examples of short term climate change evidence
sea level rise
instrumental records
156
How can ice cores be used as evidence of climate change?
Ice cores from Greenland and Arctic reveal layers of ice, recording a season of snowfall and how the carbon dioxide level has varied
157
What do ice cores supply as evidence?
change in carbon dioxide levels stored in levels of ice recording season of snowfall each
158
How can pollen analysis be used as evidence of climate change?
sediment cores from peat bogs and lakes beds contain preserved pollen
159
In the 2007 level of the ice core what was the ppm of co2?
338ppm
- unprecedented in past 800,000 years
160
What does pollen analysis supply as evidence for climate change?
how ecosystems have changed
161
How reliable are ice cores as evidence for climate change?
co2 immediately effected and stored in snow
v reliable
162
How reliable is pollen analysis as evidence for climate change?
vegetation change takes time to adapt to climate change
not so reliable
163
How can historical records be used as evidence for climate change?
paintings, poems, diaries and record books from the time can be referenced
164
Give an example of historical records as evidence for climate change
paintings and diaries of frost fairs held on River Thames
165
How can tree rings be used as evidence for climate change?
growth of trees is controlled by heat
therefore, thicker ring = hotter temp
166
What is the name for using tree rings as evidence for climate change?
dendrochronology
167
How are historical records reliable for evidence for climate change?
localised
perhaps exaggerated
not purposed for climate change
not so reliable
168
How reliable are tree rings for evidence for climate change?
localised
difficult to determine importance of temp, rain, sun and wind on growth
not so reliable
169
How can instrumental records be used as evidence for climate change?
recordings of change
170
How reliable are instrumental records as evidence for climate change?
weather stations
purpose
recent
advanced tech
v reliable
171
How can sea level rise be used as evidence for climate change?
recordings of change
172
How reliable is sea level rise as evidence for climate change?
physical, visible change
precise
experienced
v reliable
173
What are natural causes for climate change?
1. orbital changes
2. volcanic activity
3. social output
174
What is a sunspot?
dark patch on the surface of the sun, an area of intense energy
175
What are the Milankovitch cycles?
orbital changes
176
Give examples of Milankovitch cycles (orbital changes)?
1. axial tilt
2. precession
3. eccentricity
177
What are the four Cs?
cool
condense
cloud ; Cumulonimbus
178
What type of clouds are produced by low pressure and cool air?
cumulonimbus
179
What is the tropopause?
lid of the atmosphere
180
What is the lid of the atmosphere?
tropopause
181
What is the axial tilt?
earth spins on its axis causing night and day
182
Over how long does the earths axil tilt change?
41,000 years
183
How much does the axil tilt change by?
21.5 - 24.5 degrees
184
What is precession?
'wobble' of earth
185
How long does a total cycle of precesssion take?
26,000 years
186
What does precession cause?
long days and long nights in certain areas
187
What is eccentricity?
sun's path of Earth as it orbits the sun
188
How long does a total cycle of eccentricity take?
100,000
189
What shape is the earth's orbit?
changes from circular to eliptical
190
How does eccentricity cause climate change?
hotter when circular
cooler when eliptical
191
How does volcanic ash cause climate change?
blocks out sun
reduces insolation
reduces temperature
192
What is does anthropogenic mean?
human induced climate change
193
Give examples of greenhouse gases
methane
carbon dioxide
194
How do volcanic eruptions cause climate change?
sulphur dioxide released
produces sulphuric acid
reflects insolation
195
How do sunspots cause climate change?
more or less energy depending on intensity
more or less insolation
196
Give examples of anthropogenic causes of climate change
1. fossil fuels
2. deforestation
3. agriculture
197
Which direction is air deflected in the Northern hemisphere?
right
198
What direction is air deflected in the Southern Hemisphere?
left
199
How do greenhouse gas emissions behave naturally?
infrared heat from sun is
- trapped by greenhouse gases and heats earth
- reflected from surface and escapes atmosphere
200
How do greenhouse gas emissions behave when enhanced (and increased)?
- increased amounts of infrared heat from sun trapped
- less can escape earths atmosphere
- heat is reflected back onto to earths surface
- higher temperature
- furthers greenhouse effect
201
Why does factorisation occur?
population growth
urbanisation
202
How does factorisation lead to climate change?
burning fossil fuels releases greenhouse gases into atmosphere
203
Why does agriculture occur on large scale?
increase in wealth causes increase in demand
204
How does agriculture lead to climate change?
methane produced by cattle
nitrous oxide from fertilizers
205
How much of greenhouse gases come from cattle farming?
20%
206
Why does deforestation occur?
population growth
agriculture
urbanisation
207
How does deforestation lead to climate change?
burning trees releases co2
cutting them down means less co2 absorbed
208
How can crop yield benefit from climate change?
increase temperature and rainfall
less frost
209
Which areas will experience higher crop yield as a result of climate change?
North America
New Zealand
East and SE Asia
210
How much will Northern American crop yield increase by as an effect of climate change?
20%
211
How will fishing in the Arctic become more effective as a result of climate change?
increased temperature
212
Where will fishing become easier as a result of climate change?
Arctic
213
How will heating costs decrease as an effect of climate change?
increased temperature
214
How does an increase in fishing or crop yield benefit a social group?
wealth
disposable income
multiplier
215
How does increased temperature reduced ski tourism?
less snow
216
Where will be effected by less snow in terms of ski tourism?
Europe
217
How will reduced ski tourism effect a social group?
no income
218
How does climate change cause disease?
lack of clean water
219
Where will disease increase as an effect of climate change?
South East Asia - cholera, diarrhoea
Africa - malaria
220
How many people will be affected in South East Asia by lack of clean water?
1 billion by 2050
221
What will replace rainforests in South America by the middle of the century?
savannahs
222
How many birds, mammals and plants could be lost in mountainous regions of Europe?
60%
223
What will climate change cause for polar bears in the Arctic?
ice melts
reduced habitats
reduced population
224
Define mitigation
strategies to respond to new conditions created by climate change
225
Define adaptation
strategies to reduce cause of climate change
226
Give examples of mitigation for climate change
carbon capture
renewable resources
planting trees
international agreements
227
What are the advantages of carbon capture?
stores co2 underground - better than being in atmosphere
228
How does carbon capture work?
stores co2 underground and an impermeable 'cap rock' prevents it escaping
229
What type of rock prevents carbon escaping in carbon capture?
impermeable
230
What are the disadvantages of carbon capture?
expensive
unclear if co2 would remain
231
How much of world mitigation could be done by carbon capture?
10-50% til 2100
232
What are the advantages of renewable resources?
no greenhouse gases produced
233
Give examples of renewable resources
solar
wind
geothermal
wave
tidal
234
What are the disadvantages of renewable resources?
expensive
unreliable
235
What are the advantages of planting trees?
stores co2
produces o2
habitats
236
What are the disadvantages of planting trees?
loss of land
can reduce biodiversity if one species
237
How much could planting trees increase carbon storage by?
28%
238
What are the advantages of international agreements?
legally binding encouragement for responsibility and action
239
What are the disadvantages of international agreements?
some countries will not agree
some countries more responsible than others
240
Give examples of adaptation for climate change
managing water supplies
change in agriculture
reducing risk
241
What are the advantages of managing water supplies?
manage change in rainfall
242
How is managing water supplies done in London?
reduce demand - water efficient devices
increase supply - desalination
243
What are the disadvantages of managing water supplies?
security threatened in areas of deficit if unstable politically
244
What are the disadvantages of changes in agriculture?
difficult for poor farmers
245
How can reducing risk be done to adapt to climate change?
Thames barrier
mangroves
stilts/raised buildings
relocating
246
What caused the Beast from the East?
change in northern polar jet stream
247
What happened at the Arctic to cause the Beast from the East?
stratospheric warming
248
When did the Beast from the East affect the UK?
25 February - 1 March 2018
249
What extreme weather event happened on the 01/03/2018?
Storm Emma in Cornwall
250
What happened to the air heated by the stratospheric warming that caused the Beast from the East?
slowed, lost energy and sunk
then warmed and regained energy
251
What happened to the Westerly winds during the Beast from the East?
became Easterly winds
252
What did the new easterly winds mean for the UK during the Beast from the East?
cold air brought from East
253
Why was there so much snow during the Beast from the East?
picked up moisture from North Sea
so cold -> fell as snow
254
What social primary impacts did the Beast from the East cause?
man died in London after being pulled from frozen lake
3 other deaths
255
What social secondary impacts did the Beast from the East cause?
schools closed
Macclesfield police followed footsteps of thieves
people trapped in vehicles on A31
256
What were the environmental primary impacts caused by the Beast from the East?
gale winds
lots of snow
low temperatures
256
What were Macclesfield police able to do during Beast from the East?
follow footsteps of thieves
257
What was the speed of the gale winds in the North of England and Wales during the Beast from the East?
60-70 mph
258
How much snow fell in Dartmoor, Exmoor and Wales during the Beast from the East?
50cm
259
What were the temperatures experienced by rural areas during the Beast from the East?
-12C
260
What were the economic primary impacts caused by the Beast from the East?
delayed deliveries
261
What were the environmental secondary impacts caused by the Beast from the East?
increased CO2 emissions from vehicles stuck in traffic
262
What were the secondary economic impacts caused by the Beast from the East?
collisions ; insurance
lorries crashed
shelves stripped of supplies
263
How many collisions happened over 3 days during the Beast from the East?
8260
264
How much did the 8260 collisions in insurance during the Beast from the East?
£10 million
265
What does jackknifed mean?
parts of lorry move in different directions
266
What were shelves stripped of during the Beast from the East?
bread
milk
soup
267
What management was there during the Beast from the East?
councils gritting + snowploughing
Met Office Red Warnings
Public Health England ; supplies
268
What did the Public Health England urge people to have enough of during the Beast from the East?
food
medicine
269
What responses happened during the Beast from the East?
stranded drivers given foil blankets
Greggs delivery driver
Cleveland mountain rescue
Army and Royal air force
270
What did a Greggs delivery driver do during the Beast from the East?
gave out free food to stranded drivers
271
What did the Cleveland Mountain Rescue team do during the Beast from the East?
toom district nurses to rural elderly patients
272
What did the army and the Royal Air force do during the Beast from the East?
ferried health workers through blocked roads in Lincolnshire and Scotland
273
How many people died during Typhoon Haiyan?
6340
274
What was Typhoon Haiyan on the Saffir Simpson scale?
5
275
Where did Typhoon Haiyan effect?
Philippines
276
Why did Typhoon Haiyan dissipate?
Philippines ; islands ; energy from sea
BUT
Vietnam ; land mass ; no energy from sea
277
What physical factors caused a high death toll in Typhoon Haiyan?
funnel shaped bays
lack of nearby high land
high storm surge
high wind speed
278
How did funnel shaped bays cause a high death toll in Typhoon Haiyan?
channels storm in one direction
279
What human factors caused a high death toll in Typhoon Haiyan?
coastal population
remote communities
LIC
280
How did Philippines being an LIC cause a high death toll in Typhoon Haiyan?
lack of resources and technology
281
When did Typhoon Haiyan make landfall?
8 November 2013
282
How did Typhoon Haiyan form?
- low pressure over Micronesia
- 7 degrees latitude
- 27 degrees Celsius ocean
283
Why did Philippines being 7 degrees latitude cause Typhoon Haiyan?
strong Coriolis - spin of storm
284
How did the ocean temperature of 27 degrees Celsius cause Typhoon Haiyan?
energy for the storm
285
What were the primary social impacts of Typhoon Haiyan?
6340 died
50% houses destroyed
4.1 million homeless
90% Tacloban - airport
286
How many houses were destroyed during Typhoon Haiyan?
50%
287
How many people were left homeless after Typhoon Haiyan?
4.1 million
288
How much of Tacloban was destroyed during Typhoon Haiyan?
90%
289
Which airport was destroyed after Typhoon Haiyan?
Tacloban airport
290
What were the secondary social impacts of Typhoon Haiyan?
8 people killed in rice stampede
5.6 million jobs lost
infection + disease
blocked aid
291
What caused the aid to be blocked after Typhoon Haiyan?
landslides
292
What did blocked aid after Typhoon Haiyan cause?
more deaths
293
How many people were killed in a rice stampede after Typhoon Haiyan?
8 people
294
How many jobs were lost as a secondary impact of Typhoon Haiyan?
5.6 million
295
What disease was spread after Typhoon Haiyan?
dysentry
296
Why did dysentery spread after Typhoon Haiyan?
lack of clean water
297
What were the primary environmental impacts of Typhoon Haiyan?
400mm rainfall
800,000L oil barge
600,000 hectares farmland destroyed
298
How much rainfall fell during Typhoon Haiyan?
400mm
299
How much oil was spilt from the barge during Typhoon Haiyan?
800,000L
300
How many hectares of farmland was destroyed during Typhoon Haiyan?
600,000 hectares
301
How many tonnes of crops were destroyed during Typhoon Haiyan?
1.1 million tonnes
302
What were the secondary environmental impacts of Typhoon Haiyan?
10 hectares of mangroves ; oil barge
landslides ; flooding
303
How many hectares of mangrove was destroyed after Typhoon Haiyan due to an oil spill?
10 hectares
304
What were the primary economic impacts of Typhoon Haiyan?
$12 billion damage
$53 million damage to rice
fishermen and farmers lost 75% of income
305
How much economic damage was caused by Typhoon Haiyan?
$12 billion damage
306
How much economic damage to rice was caused by Typhoon Haiyan?
$53 million damage to rice
307
How much income did farmers and fishermen lose as an impact of Typhoon Haiyan?
75% of income`
308
What were the secondary economic impacts of Typhoon Haiyan?
looting
rice price increased by 12% by 2014
309
By 2014, how much had rice price increased by?
12%
310
What were the immediate responses to Typhoon Haiyan?
evacuation
curfew
emergency aid
evacuation centres
311
How many people were evacuated as a response to Typhoon Haiyan?
800,000 people evacuated
312
Where and why were people evacuated to as a response to Typhoon Haiyan?
Tacloban stadium
-> reinforced roof
313
What was introduced 2 days after Typhoon Haiyan as a response to looting?
curfew to reduce looting
314
How many days later was emergency aid provided as a response to Typhoon Haiyan?
3 days later
by plane
315
How many evacuation centres were set up as a response to Typhoon Haiyan?
1200 evacuation centres
316
What were the long-term responses to Typhoon Haiyan?
$1.5 billion foreign aid
new storm surge system
Build Back Better Scheme
Ofxam provided fishing boats
more shelters
317
How much was provided in foreign aid as a response to Typhoon Haiyan?
$1.5 billion foreign aid
318
What was made as a long term response to Typhoon Haiyan?
new storm surge system
319
What scheme encouraged better building regulations as a response to Typhoon Haiyan?
Build Back Better
320
What did the Build Back Better scheme encourage as a response to Typhoon Haiyan?
better building regulations
321
When was the Build Back Better scheme introduced?
July 2014
322
What did Oxfam supply to the Philippines as a response to Typhoon Haiyan?
provided fishing boats
323
What did the government make more of as a response to Typhoon Haiyan?
shelters
