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geography > ✅urbanistation > Flashcards

✅urbanistation Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

SOCIAL opportunities created in leeds by urban change

A

CULTURAL MIX —> increased tolerance
URBAN GREENING —> created areas for recreation
NEW DEVELOPMENTS for ENTERTAINMENT (leeds arena)

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2
Q

ECONOMIC opportunities created by urban change in leeds

A

EMPLOYMENT (leeds arena/victoria gate)
£168 million development
550 jobs created e.g. customer service and beauty therapist

TRANSPORT (LBA and guided bus lanes in kirkstall)

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3
Q

ENVIRONMENTAL opportunities created by urban change in leeds

A

URBAN GREENING (carbon storage/new habitats)

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4
Q

SOCIAL challenges created by urban change in leeds

A

23.2% in armley don’t have qualifications —> don’t contribute to the economy

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5
Q

ECONOMIC challenges caused by urban change in leeds

A

industrial mills in kirkstall closed —> lots of people lost their jobs

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6
Q

ENVIRONMENTAL challenges of urban growth in leeds

A

population expected to increase —> more demand for housing on greenfield sites (urban sprawl)

urban sprawl means people are travelling further to work —> increases CO2

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7
Q

urbanisation

A

growth in the proportion of people living in urban areas

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8
Q

why is urbanisation happening at a quicker rate in LICs

A

people are moving from rural areas to the city for better opportunities

HICs have already urbanised e.g. england in the industrial revolution

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9
Q

2 things that cause urbanisation

A

rural-urban migration

natural increase

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10
Q

global pattern of urbanisation

A

•Rates of urbansiation different depending on whether the country is rich or poor.
•The most rapid urban growth is happening in LICs.
•The lowest rates of urban growth is in HICs
•The rate of urban growth in NEEs is starting to slow.

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11
Q

natural increase

A

when birth rate is higher than death rate

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12
Q

migration

A

movement of people from one area to another

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13
Q

how is natural increase calculated

A

Birth Rate minus Death Rate/100 (to express as a percentage)

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14
Q

rural-urban migration

A

movement of people from rural (countryside) to urban areas (city) due to push and pull factors

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15
Q

3 push factors

A

• Lack of services so people die from poor healthcare
• Crop failure so people have less food and less income
• Lack of job opportunities so people have a lack of income = malnutrition

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16
Q

3 pull factors

A

• Higher paid jobs so people have more disposable income so they can afford medicine so their life expectancy increases
• Better healthcare and education
• Family members live there

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17
Q

megacity

A

city with over 10 million people

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18
Q

3 mega cities

A

LA, new york, tokyo, shanghai

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19
Q

which continent has the largest number of mega cities

A

asia

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20
Q

describe location of rio de janeiro

A

located in south america

in brazil

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21
Q

Give a reason to explain why Rio is an internationally important city

A

• It held the 2016 Olympic Games
• Main tourist destinations e.g. copacabana beach and sugarloaf mountain
• It has a major port - exports coffee and sugar
• Christ of Redeemer one of the seven wonders

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22
Q

Give a reason to explain why Rio is a nationally important city

Study These Flashcards
A

Brazils 2nd most important industrial centre- 5% of Brazils GDP

Jobs with tour guides/hotels

Culture capital of Brazil

23
Q

how has urbanisation created social opportunities in rio?

Study These Flashcards
A

2016 olympics
culture capital of brazil

24
Q

how has urbanisation created economic opportunities in rio?

Study These Flashcards
A

Well paid jobs in the banking and finance

A major port provides jobs exporting coffee and sugar.

Jobs with tourists (hotels/tour guides). It has stunning beaches and Christ the Redeemer statue which is one of the Seven Wonders of the world.

Brazil’s second most important industrial centre- 5% of Brazils GDP

25
social challenges in rio
• **Around 12% of Rio’s population do not have access to clean water**—> can lead to diseases like cholera —> In 2013, only 55% of the city had a local family health clinic** • **Only half of all children continue their education beyond 14. Many drop out of school and some get involved in drug**
26
what is rio doing to improve the favelas
in **1995**, **favela bairro project** was created improve **60 of 600** favelas in rio **£200 million**
27
example of migration in rio
amazonia and caatinga to rio de janeiro
28
what 8 things does favela bairro project include
**removing houses from steep slopes** —> ppl are relocated to safer areas so it won’t be dangerous **education** —> free education run by volunteers —> ensures young people have basic understanding **improving infrastructure** —> streets/roads have been widened so its easier to get to areas **installation of cable car** —> creating a link down into the centre of rio —> easier to get to work **self help schemes** —> replace wood with brick, bin collection services —> improve quality of life **site and service scheme** —> relocate residents from favelas to brick houses w electricity and water etc —> ensures they have basic needs **police and pacifying unit** —> 300 police patrolling communities in the favela —> less crime **health and leisure centres** —> support ppl w drug and alcohol abuse and day care centres for children so parents can work —> more tax if they work
29
population density
measurement of number of people in an area
30
how is population density calculated
number of people/area per square km
31
population distribution
way which something is spread over an area
32
sparsely populated
places that contain a few people
33
densely populated
places that contain many people
34
describe leeds
UKs fastest growing city 2nd largest employment total outside london - over 110,000 people commuting to work in leeds from outside the district everyday
35
urban sprawl
expansion of an urban area into the surrounding countryside
36
counter urbanisation
when people move from towns and cities to the countryside
37
suburbanisation
when people move from the city centre out to the suburbs (edge of the city)
38
why is leeds a major city
generates 5% of englands total economic output worth £56 billion per year 50% of all UK manufacturing takes place within a 2 hour drive from leeds
39
migrant
someone who moves to another country/location
40
emigrant
someone who leaves a country/area
41
positives of migrants moving to leeds
**cheap labour** —> migrants will often work for minimum wage **cultural diversity** **immigrants are often prepared to do unskilled jobs** e.g. car washes
42
negatives of migrants moving to leeds
**language problems** **pressure on housing and services**
43
urban deprivation
standard of living is below the majority of people in a particular country
44
deindustrialisation
reduction in manufacturing
45
brownfield site
urban sites for potential building development that have had previous development on them
46
greenfield site
a site that has never had any building development take place on it
47
example of brownfield site in leeds
4.2 acre brownfield site centre of leeds
48
example of greenfield site in leeds
spring wood, bramhope previously used for farming provide 320 homes for people local concern over destruction of animal habitats
49
negatives of building on brownfield sites
additional complications like contimination —> time consuming higher cost
50
benefits of urban greening
improved air quality —> trees provide oxygen reduce global warming by absorbing carbon dioxide habitats for wildlife
51
case study for urban sustainability
leeds greenhouse development, beeston
52
why did leeds beeston need regenerating
was an abandoned site with graffiti wasted brownfield site a need for more houses in the centre of leeds
53
how is leeds greenhouse development project sustainable
well insulated with double glazing wind turbine to produce electricity facilities on site reduces need to travel —> playgrounds, sports centres, shops, medical centre —> also creates jobs
54
sustainable transport changes
**park and ride schemes** —> drivers leave cars in a big car park on the outskirts of the city on elland road —> regular buses then take them to the city centre —> decrease amount of cars going into the city —> improves air quality **congestion charging (london)** £11.50 daily charge for driving a vehicle within the charging zone **bus lanes** —> own lane so not held up in traffic—> quicker also public transport reduces amount of cars on road **cycle superhighway between leeds and bradford** —> cycle route —> less polluted, healthier population **M62** managed motorways scheme improves traffic flow and reduce congestion

geography (13 decks)

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