water resources

Question 1

water security

Answer 1

Having enough water to meet everyone’s needs (e.g. industry, agriculture, personal health)

Question 2

water deficit

Answer 2

Supply of water is lower than the demand

Question 3

water surplus

Answer 3

Supply of water is higher than demand

Question 4

which areas in the world have a water deficit

Answer 4

Drier areas such as Australia, Africa, The Middle East

Question 5

Which areas of the world have a water surplus?

Answer 5

-Typically, tropical locations such as the Amazon, Brazil

-Europe and North America

Question 6

water insecurity

Answer 6

not having enough clean water to meet everyone’s needs

Question 7

water stress

Answer 7

demand for water exceeds supply during a certain period

Question 8

How is water security linked to well-being?

Answer 8

• Water helps crop production which secures a source of food and income

• Not having to travel daily for water enables children to go to school

Question 9

Why is water consumption increasing?

Answer 9

• People are becoming wealthier —> use of appliances like washing machines/dishwashers

• Changes to personal hygiene —> used to share baths but now individual

• Increasing population —> more food

Question 10

physical factors affecting water availability

Answer 10

climate - rainfall patterns

geology - indicates how much water is stored in rocks underground

Question 11

economic and social factors affecting water availability

Answer 11

over abstraction - water removed from ground quicker than it can be replaced

pollution

poverty - some places have to share water sources

poor infrastructure - limited pipes to bring water into places

Question 12

List the impacts of water insecurity

Answer 12

1. Waterborne diseases
2. Lowering food production
3. Reduced industrial output
4. Conflict

Question 13

what are waterborne diseases

Answer 13

Diseases that affect people who drink contaminated water. e.g. cholera

Question 14

How does water insecurity lead to waterborne diseases?

Answer 14

Drinking from unsafe water supplies —> diseases

Question 15

How does water insecurity lead to lower food productivity?

Answer 15

Food production requires water

As a result, lower supply increases food prices.

Question 16

How does water insecurity lead to lower industrial output?

Answer 16

Industry requires large amounts of water to be productive. Many factories around the world close in times of water shortage —> less profits.

Question 17

How does water insecurity lead to conflict?

Answer 17

• Many people rely on rivers for a supply of water —> share rivers —> 1 country may take more water —> reduce water security of other countries

• Some industries do not regulate their waste which means water pollution can occur —> affects drinking water —> conflict

Question 18

List 4 strategies that can be used to increase water supply?

Answer 18

1. Diverting supplies and increasing storage
2. Building dams and reservoirs
3. Water transfers
4. Desalination

Question 19

How does diverting supplies and increasing water storage increase water supply?

Answer 19

some water can be diverted or stored underground for times of need

Question 20

what is a dam?

Answer 20

A barrier built in a river used to control the flow of water at any given time

Question 21

reservoir?

Answer 21

An artificially made body of water, usually found behind a dam

Question 22

How do dams and reservoirs increase water supply?

Answer 22

Dams can be closed during times of plentiful water, allowing water to be stored

It can be released during times of deficit

Question 23

water transfer

Answer 23

Moving water from an area of surplus to an area of deficit through a network of pipes

Question 24

desalination

Answer 24

Removing salt from sea water

Question 25

How does desalination increase water supply?

Answer 25

Removing salt from sea water creates freshwater for human use

Question 26

What are the problems with desalination?

Answer 26

• It is expensive and requires a lot of energy —> LICs may not be able to afford to do this

Question 27

fact about water

Answer 27

amount of water used by average household in the UK has risen by 70% since 1975

Question 28

where is kielder dam and where does it supply water to and how much water does it hold

Answer 28

northumberland supplies water to newcastle sunderland and middlesbrough 200 billion litres of water

Question 29

positives of kielder dam

Answer 29

**reduces water insecurity** in the **north east** **generates electricity** through **hydroelectric power at the dam** **tourism** at kielder has created **new jobs** —> people visit for water sports and beautiful scenery around the lake

Question 30

negatives of kielder dam

Answer 30

breeding patterns of fish have been disrupted through dam blocking the river farmland and many habitats were lost when land behind dam flooded many families had to relocate in order to make room for dam and reservoir

Question 31

impacts of water pollution

Answer 31

‘10 tonne fatberg’ health issues food production effect on wildlife

Question 32

what is 10 tonne fatberg (impacts of water pollution)

Answer 32

costs £400,000 to resolve blockage clumps of solidified fat and wet wipes etc

Question 33

health issues (impacts of water pollution)

Answer 33

diseases such as cholera can be spread —> ill —> can’t go to work

Question 34

food production (impacts of water pollution)

Answer 34

food production is lowered —> clean water is needed —> polluted waste water has to be purified which is expensive

Question 35

effect on wildlife (impacts of water pollution)

Answer 35

poisons wildlife —> humans can eat fish and shellfish affected and become very ill

Question 36

what can we do at home to manage water quality

Answer 36

rain gardens green roofs rainwater harvesting permeable surfaces

Question 37

how do rain gardens manage water quality

Answer 37

catch rain before it enters drainage system also a great source of habitat for wildlife and can improve appearance of property

Question 38

how do green roofs improve water quality

Answer 38

temporary storage for rainfall and minimise run off from roof areas —> stops water pollution —> reduce chances of 10 tonne fatberg

Question 39

how to use rainwater harvesting to manage water quality

Answer 39

install a water butt to reduce amount of water that enters sewers —> use this water to water garden etc